File:Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Original file (9,684 × 16,008 pixels, file size: 9.58 MB, MIME type: image/png)
This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Information from its description page there is shown below. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help. |
This is a featured picture, which means that members of the community have identified it as one of the finest images on the English Wikipedia, adding significantly to its accompanying article. If you have a different image of similar quality, be sure to upload it using the proper free license tag, add it to a relevant article, and nominate it. |
This image was selected as picture of the day on the English Wikipedia for February 20, 2023. |
Summary
Warning | The original file is very high-resolution. It might not load properly or could cause your browser to freeze when opened at full size. |
---|
DescriptionHuman karyotype with bands and sub-bands.png |
English: Schematic and relatively language-neutral karyogram of a human. Even at low magnification, it gives an overview of the human genome, with numbered chromosome pairs, its main changes during the cell cycle (top center), and the mitochondrial genome to scale (at bottom left). High magnification (of full size version) more clearly depicts a scale to the left of each chromosome pair that shows the length in terms of million base pairs, and the scale to the right of each chromosome pair shows the designations of the bands and sub-bands. It shows darker and brighter regions as seen on G banding. Each row is vertically aligned at centromere level. The chromosomes are organized into the groups A to G in regard to size, position of the centromere and sometimes the presence of a chromosomal satellite. The chromosome copy numbers are those seen in G0 and G1 of the cell cycle, and at top center it also shows the state of the chromosome 3 pair in the metaphase of the cell cycle, after the synthesis of a copy of each chromosome. The karyogram shows:
- 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs - Both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex chromosomes (in green rectangle at bottom right). - The human mitochondrial genome to scale (at bottom left).
Svenska: Schematiskt och relativt språkneutralt karyogram av människan. Även på låg förstoring ger den en översikt över det mänskliga genomet, med numrerade kromosompar, deras huvudsakliga förändringar under cellcykeln (överst i mitten), och mitokondriernas genom i samma skala (längst ner till vänster). Högre förstoring (av fullstorleksversionen) ger tydligare en skala till vänster om varje kromosompar som visar längden i form av miljoner baspar, och skalan till höger om varje kromosompar visar beteckningarna för band och sub-band. Den visar mörkare och ljusare områden som ses på G-banding (med Giemsa-färjning). Varje rad av kromosomer är justerat så att varje centromer ligger i samma nivå. Kromosomerna är organiserade i grupperna A till G med avseende på storlek, placering av centromeren och ibland närvaron av en kromosomsatellit. Antalet kromosomkopior är de som ses i G0 och G1 i cellcykeln. Karyogrammet visar:
- 22 homologa autosomala kromosompar - Både den kvinnliga (XX) och den manliga (XY) versionen av de två könskromosomerna (i grön rektangel längst ner till höger). - Det mänskliga mitokondriella genomet i samma skala (längst ner till vänster).
العربية: رسم بياني للشكل الخلوي المضاعف للصبغيات عند الإنسان، يبين تنظيم الجينوم البشري على هيئة صبغيات حتى قبل تكبير الصورة. يُظهر الرسم أزواج الصبغبات مرقمة، والتغييرات الرئيسة خلال دورة الخلية (في الأعلى والمركز)و علم الوراثة البشري الميتوكوندري (في الأسفل على اليسار). تصور تصويراً واضحاً الصورة بالدقة العالية المقياس الأيسر طول الأزواج الصبغية مقدراً بالمليون، فيما يظهر أيمن الزوجين الصبغيين تسميات العصابات والنطاقات الفرعية. يظهر مناطق أكثر قتامة وإشراقا كما يظهر في النطاق G.
يتم محاذاة كل صف عموديا عند مستوى سنترومير. يتم تنظيم الكروموسومات في المجموعات من أ إلى ز فيما يتعلق بحجم وموقع السنترومير وأحيانا وجود قمر صناعي كروموسومي. أرقام نسخ الكروموسوم هي تلك التي تظهر في G0, G1 من دورة الخلية، وفي المركز العلوي يظهر أيضا حالة زوج الكروموسوم 3 في الطور لدورة الخلية ، بعد تخليق نسخة من كل كروموسوم. يظهر مخطط كاريوجرام:22 متماثل جسمي أزواج كروموسوم - كلا النسختين الأنثوية (س س) والذكور (س ع) من الاثنين كروموسوم جنسي (في مستطيل أخضر في أسفل اليمين).- الجينوم الميتوكوندريا البشرية لتوسيع نطاق (في أسفل اليسار). Add language/edit |
Date | |
Source |
edit
The purple hue for the chromosomes and cell nuclei was digitally sampled from the following image:
|
Author |
Mikael Häggström, M.D. - The work integrates Public Domain source images by Was A Bee, Kelvin Ma and Michał Komorniczak - Also, a special acknowledgement to everyone involved in the Human Genome Project for generating the source data. edit |
Other versions |
|
Assessment
|
Licensing
This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. | |
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enCC0Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedicationfalsefalse |
20 November 2022
image/png
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 14:59, 20 April 2024 | 9,684 × 16,008 (9.58 MB) | Obscure2020 | The file was previously encoded as RGBA, which unnecessarily inflated the file size, because the image is completely opqaue. I have corrected the image to RGB with the help of OxiPNG. | |
03:43, 7 February 2023 | 9,684 × 16,008 (11.83 MB) | Mikael Häggström | Minor adjustments | ||
01:06, 6 February 2023 | 9,684 × 16,008 (11.83 MB) | Mikael Häggström | Removed excessive margins | ||
01:03, 6 February 2023 | 11,600 × 17,789 (12.1 MB) | Mikael Häggström | Tiny adjustment | ||
02:26, 5 February 2023 | 9,684 × 16,008 (11.83 MB) | Mikael Häggström | Slight reduction in size without affecting relevant information | ||
04:04, 9 January 2023 | 13,887 × 22,956 (18.88 MB) | Mikael Häggström | Same gray hue | ||
03:51, 9 January 2023 | 13,887 × 22,956 (18.88 MB) | Mikael Häggström | Switched to grey around chromosomes and white around. Some other adjustments | ||
04:11, 30 December 2022 | 13,887 × 22,956 (20.04 MB) | Mikael Häggström | Minor adjustments | ||
03:40, 28 December 2022 | 13,887 × 22,956 (20.04 MB) | Mikael Häggström | Improved metaphase cell | ||
18:29, 24 December 2022 | 13,887 × 22,956 (20.02 MB) | Mikael Häggström | More realistic shapes of metaphase cell and chromosomes |
File usage
- Aneuploidy
- Base pair
- Cell cycle
- Centromere
- Chromatid
- Chromatin
- Chromosomal deletion syndrome
- Chromosomal inversion
- Chromosomal rearrangement
- Chromosomal translocation
- Chromosome
- Chromosome abnormality
- Coding region
- Copy number analysis
- Cytogenetics
- DNA
- Deletion (genetics)
- Derivative chromosome
- Euchromatin
- G0 phase
- G1 phase
- G2 phase
- GC-content
- G banding
- Gene
- Gene dosage
- Gene duplication
- Gene expression
- Genetic disorder
- Genetics
- Genome
- Genome size
- Genomics
- Heterochromatin
- Homologous chromosome
- Human Genome Project
- Human genetics
- Human genome
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature
- Karyotype
- List of genetic disorders
- List of organisms by chromosome count
- Locus (genetics)
- Male reproductive system
- Medical genetics
- Mitochondrial DNA
- Molecular anthropology
- Monosomy
- Non-coding DNA
- Ploidy
- Polyploidy
- Polysomy
- Regulation of gene expression
- Robertsonian translocation
- Satellite chromosome
- Secondary constriction
- Sex chromosome
- Sister chromatids
- Transcription (biology)
- Transcriptional regulation
- Virtual karyotype
- Whole genome sequencing
- Zygosity
- Talk:Human genome/Archive 3
- Talk:Intergenic region
- Talk:Mount Rushmore/Archive 2
- User:Keepright! ler/Human
- User:Mikael Häggström
- User:Wouterstomp/test
- User talk:217.180.34.21
- User talk:Bammesk/Archive 02
- User talk:Der Wolf im Wald
- User talk:MER-C/archives/60
- User talk:Mikael Häggström/Archive 2
- Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/February-2023
- Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Human karyotype
- Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Biology
- Wikipedia:Featured pictures thumbs/75
- Wikipedia:Main Page history/2023 February 20
- Wikipedia:Main Page history/2023 February 20b
- Wikipedia:Picture of the day/February 2023
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/Recognized content
- Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2023-03-09/Featured content
- Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Single/2023-03-09
- Template:POTD/2023-02-20
- Portal:Medicine
- Portal:Medicine/Recognized content
- Draft:Chromosome mapping
Global file usage
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on af.wikipedia.org
- Usage on ar.wikipedia.org
- جهاز تناسلي ذكري
- بوابة:علم الأحياء/صورة مختارة/أرشيف
- جينوم بشري
- ويكيبيديا:صور مختارة/علوم/علم الأحياء
- صبغي متماثل
- قائمة بالكائنات الحية حسب عدد الصبغيات
- ويكيبيديا:ترشيحات الصور المختارة/الشكل الخلوي المضاعف
- ويكيبيديا:صورة اليوم المختارة/يونيو 2023
- قالب:صورة اليوم المختارة/2023-06-30
- بوابة:علم الأحياء/صورة مختارة/34
- قالب:صورة اليوم المختارة/2024-04-03
- Usage on az.wikipedia.org
- Usage on ba.wikipedia.org
- Usage on be.wikipedia.org
- Usage on bg.wikipedia.org
- Usage on bn.wikipedia.org
- Usage on bs.wikipedia.org
- Usage on ca.wikipedia.org
- Usage on cs.wikipedia.org
- Usage on cv.wikipedia.org
- Usage on cy.wikipedia.org
- Usage on da.wikipedia.org
- Usage on de.wikipedia.org
- Usage on diq.wikipedia.org
- Usage on el.wikipedia.org
View more global usage of this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it.
If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file.
Horizontal resolution | 24.8 dpc |
---|---|
Vertical resolution | 24.8 dpc |