Israeli disengagement from Gaza
2005 withdrawal of Israeli personnel / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In 2005, 21 Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip and four Israeli settlements in the West Bank were unilaterally dismantled.[1] Israeli settlers and army evacuated from inside the Gaza Strip, redeploying its military along the border.[2]
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The disengagement was proposed in 2003 by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government in June 2004, and approved by the Knesset in February 2005 as the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law.[3] The motivation behind the disengagement was described by Sharon's top aide as a means of isolating Gaza and avoiding international pressure on Israel to reach a political settlement with the Palestinians. The disengagement plan was implemented in August 2005 and completed in September 2005. Israeli security forces, over a period of several days, evicted settlers who refused to accept government compensation packages and voluntarily vacate their homes prior to the August 15, 2005 deadline.[4] The eviction of all Israeli residents, demolition of the Israeli residential buildings and evacuation of associated security personnel from the Gaza Strip was completed by September 12, 2005.[5] The eviction and dismantlement of the four settlements in the northern West Bank was completed ten days later. Over 8,000 Jewish settlers from the 21 settlements in the Gaza Strip were relocated.
Palestinians celebrated amid skepticism that the withdrawal would take place.[6] Israeli polls on support for the plan during the time showed support for the plan in the 50–60% range and opposition in the 30–40% range.[7] The Israeli military met heavy resistance and riots from settlers while pulling out. Two far-right Israelis self-immolated.[8][9] Benjamin Netanyahu resigned from Sharon's government over the pullout.[10][11]
Israel's withdrawal left Gaza Strip left under the control of the Palestinian Authority.[12] The United Nations, international human rights organizations and many legal scholars regard the Gaza Strip to still be under military occupation by Israel.[13] Israel and Cuyckens dispute this and argue that occupation requires an actual, physical presence by a military force that maintains authority, while Article 42 of the Hague Relations and precedent in international law maintain that a territory remains occupied so long as an army could reestablish physical control at any time.[14][15] In 2007, Hamas took over the Gaza Strip.[1]