Inductivism
Traditional, still commonplace view of scientific method to develop scientific theories / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Inductivism is the traditional and still commonplace philosophy of scientific method to develop scientific theories.[1][2][3][4] Inductivism aims to neutrally observe a domain, infer laws from examined cases—hence, inductive reasoning—and thus objectively discover the sole naturally true theory of the observed.[5]
Inductivism's basis is, in sum, "the idea that theories can be derived from, or established on the basis of, facts".[6] Evolving in phases, inductivism's conceptual reign spanned four centuries since Francis Bacon's 1620 proposal of such against Western Europe's prevailing model, scholasticism, which reasoned deductively from preconceived beliefs.[5][7]
In the 19th and 20th centuries, inductivism succumbed to hypotheticodeductivism—sometimes worded deductivism—as scientific method's realistic idealization.[8] Yet scientific theories as such are now widely attributed to occasions of inference to the best explanation, IBE, which, like scientists' actual methods, are diverse and not formally prescribable.[9][10]