Mongkut
King of Siam from 1851 to 1868 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mongkut (Thai: มงกุฏ; 18 October 1804 – 1 October 1868) was the fourth king of Siam under the House of Chakri, titled Rama IV.[1] He ruled from 1851 to 1868. His full title in Thai was Phra Poramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Mongkut Phra Chomklao Chao Yu Hua Phra Sayam Thewa Maha Makut Witthaya Maharat (พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว พระสยามเทวมหามกุฏวิทยมหาราช).[2]
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King Rama IV | |
King of Siam | |
Reign | 2 April 1851 – 1 October 1868 |
Coronation | 15 May 1851 |
Predecessor | Nangklao (Rama III) |
Successor | Chulalongkorn (Rama V) |
Viceroy | Pinklao |
Born | (1804-10-18)18 October 1804 Bangkok, Siam |
Died | 1 October 1868(1868-10-01) (aged 63) Bangkok, Siam |
Spouse |
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Issue Detail | 39 sons and 43 daughters, including:
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House | Chakri dynasty |
Father | Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II) |
Mother | Sri Suriyendra |
Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
Signature |
Mongkut | |
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Thai name | |
Thai | พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว พระสยามเทวมหามกุฏวิทยมหาราช |
RTGS | Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Mongkut Phra Chomklao Chao Yu Hua Phra Sayam Thewa Maha Makut Witthaya Maharat |
The reign of Mongkut was marked by significant modernization initiatives and diplomatic engagements, which played pivotal roles in shaping Thailand's trajectory towards progress and international relations. Siam first felt the pressure of Western expansionism during Mongkut's reign. Mongkut embraced Western innovations and initiated the modernization of his country, both in technology and culture—earning him the nickname "The Father of Science and Technology" in Siam.
Mongkut was also known for appointing his younger brother, Prince Chutamani, as Second King, crowned in 1851 as King Pinklao. Mongkut told the country that Pinklao should be respected with equal honor to himself (as King Naresuan had done with his brother Ekathotsarot in 1583). During Mongkut's reign, the power of the House of Bunnag reached its zenith: It became the most powerful noble family of Siam.
Mongkut is known in the West primarily through the lens of the 1951 musical "The King and I" and its 1956 film adaptation.