New People's Army
Armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The New People's Army (Filipino: Bagong Hukbong Bayan), abbreviated NPA or BHB, is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).[14]: 119 It acts as the CPP's principal organization, aiming to consolidate political power from what it sees as the present "bourgeois reactionary puppet government" and to aid in the "people's democratic revolution".[14]: 119 Founded on March 29, 1969,[1]: 96 by the collaboration of Jose Maria Sison and former members of the Hukbalahap led by Bernabe Buscayno, the NPA has since waged a guerrilla war based on the Maoist strategy of protracted people's war.[15] The NPA is one of the key figures in the ongoing Communist rebellion in the Philippines, the longest ongoing conflict in the country.
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New People's Army | |
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Bagong Hukbong Bayan | |
Founders | |
Leader | vacant |
Dates of operation | 1969–present[1]: 96 |
Split to |
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Motives |
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Active regions | 1 guerrilla front (2023)[2] Operates in 110 guerrilla fronts across 73 provinces in the Philippines (CPP claim, 2018)[3][non-primary source needed] |
Ideology | Communism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism |
Status | Active |
Size |
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Part of | |
Allies | Kabataang Makabayan
Former Allies China(until 1976) |
Opponents | State opponents |
Battles and wars | Communist armed conflicts in the Philippines |
Designated as a terrorist group by | |
Website | Philippine Revolution Web Central |
The NPA operates and is based primarily in the Philippine countryside,[3] where the CPP alleges it has established itself in 73 out of the country's 81 provinces, across over 110 guerrilla fronts.[3][non-primary source needed] In guerrilla zones where the NPA has entrenched itself, the CPP–NPA has established a People's Democratic Government (Gobyernong Bayan), which operates independently of the Philippine government. Within these zones, income taxes which would nominally go to the government treasury instead go to the NPA, which they use to fund community services.[16]
The NPA, as represented by the National Democratic Front of the Philippines, is a party to ongoing peace talks between the People's Democratic Government and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. Peace negotiations have reached an impasse, with the Rodrigo Duterte administration unilaterally announcing the termination of peace talks in 2019.[17] Negotiations between the GRP and the NDFP stalled on signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on Socio-Economic Reforms (CASER),[18] and the issue of localized peace talks between individual units of the NPA.[19]
The Office of the President of the Philippines designated the NPA as a terrorist group, along with the CPP.[8][9] The United States[10] and the European Union[11] have designated the CPP–NPA as "foreign terrorist organizations" in 2002 and 2005, respectively. Japan's Public Security Intelligence Agency designated the NPA as a "major international terrorist organization" (主な国際テロ組織).[12]