SARS-related coronavirus
Species of coronavirus causing SARS and COVID-19 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Betacoronavirus pandemicum[2] (also known as Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus, abbreviated as SARSr-CoV or SARS-CoV)[note 1] is a species of virus consisting of many known strains. Two strains of the virus have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), the cause of the 2002–2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the pandemic of COVID-19.[3][4] There are hundreds of other strains of SARSr-CoV, which are only known to infect non-human mammal species: bats are a major reservoir of many strains of SARSr-CoV; several strains have been identified in Himalayan palm civets, which were likely ancestors of SARS-CoV-1.[3][5][6][7]
Betacoronavirus pandemicum | |
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Transmission electron micrograph of SARS-related coronaviruses emerging from host cells cultured in the lab | |
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
Order: | Nidovirales |
Family: | Coronaviridae |
Genus: | Betacoronavirus |
Subgenus: | Sarbecovirus |
Species: | Betacoronavirus pandemicum |
Strains | |
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Synonyms | |
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These enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.[8] The SARSr-CoV species is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus and the only species of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (SARS Betacoronavirus).[9][10]
The SARS-related coronavirus was one of several viruses identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 as a likely cause of a future epidemic in a new plan developed after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development before and during an epidemic towards diagnostic tests, vaccines and medicines. This prediction came to pass with the COVID-19 pandemic.[11][12]