Valentín Gómez Farías
7th President of Mexico (1833–1834; 1846–1847) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Valentín Gómez Farías (Spanish pronunciation: [balenˈtiŋ ˈɡomes faˈɾias]; 14 February 1781 – 5 July 1858) was a Mexican physician and liberal politician who became president of Mexico twice, first from 1833 to 1834, during the period of the First Mexican Republic, and again from 1846 to 1847, during the Mexican–American War.
Valentín Gómez Farías | |||||||||||||||||
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7th President of Mexico | |||||||||||||||||
In office 1 April – 16 May 1833 | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President | Himself | ||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Manuel Gómez Pedraza | ||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
In office 3 – 18 June 1833 | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President | Himself | ||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
In office 5 July – 27 October 1833 | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President | Himself | ||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
In office 16 December 1833 – 24 April 1834 | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President | Himself | ||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
In office 23 December 1846 – 21 March 1847 | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President | Himself | ||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | José Mariano Salas | ||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
3rd & 5th Vice President of Mexico | |||||||||||||||||
In office 1 April 1833 – 26 January 1835 | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President | Himself (3 times) Antonio López de Santa Anna (3 times) | ||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Anastasio Bustamante | ||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Nicolás Bravo | ||||||||||||||||
In office 23 December 1846 – 1 April 1847 | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President | Himself Antonio López de Santa Anna | ||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Nicolás Bravo | ||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Position abolished Ramón Corral (position re-established)[lower-alpha 1] | ||||||||||||||||
President of the Senate of Mexico | |||||||||||||||||
In office 1 January 1825 – 31 January 1825 | |||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Office established | ||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Simón de la Garza | ||||||||||||||||
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Personal details | |||||||||||||||||
Born | (1781-02-14)14 February 1781 Guadalajara, New Kingdom of Galicia, New Spain (now Jalisco, Mexico) | ||||||||||||||||
Died | 5 July 1858(1858-07-05) (aged 77) Mexico City, Mexico | ||||||||||||||||
Political party | Liberal | ||||||||||||||||
Spouse |
Isabel López
(m. 1817; died 1858) | ||||||||||||||||
Alma mater | Royal University of Guadalajara | ||||||||||||||||
Signature | |||||||||||||||||
Gómez Farías was elected to his first term in March 1833 along with Antonio López Santa Anna, with whom he would share the presidency. Both Congress and the administration elected during his term were notably Liberal, and pursued curtailing the political power of the Mexican Army and Catholic Church. Measures to prosecute members of the previous, conservative and autocratic presidency of Anastasio Bustamante were also carried out, but Gómez Farías sought to moderate them. Conservative revolts against these policies flared up, and eventually Gómez Farías' own vice-president Santa Anna switched sides and led his deposing in April 1834.
In the wake of Gómez Farías' fall, the First Mexican Republic was replaced by the Centralist Republic of Mexico. Gómez Farías would continue to support a return to the federalist system and in 1840 he led a failed revolt against the government of Anastasio Bustamante who had returned to the presidency, culminating in a siege of the National Palace.
The federal system eventually would be restored in 1846 after the beginning of the Mexican–American War, and in the subsequent presidential elections Gómez Farías would be re-elected along with Santa Anna who was now a supporter of federalism and with whom Gómez Farías had reconciled. They proceeded to share power as they had during their first administration. In order to fund the war effort, the Gómez Farías administration in January, 1847 nationalized and sold church lands. The measure was met with controversy and sparked revolts from Mexican conservatives. Meanwhile, Santa Anna was returning to Mexico City from the Battle of Buena Vista to focus on Winfield Scott's expedition at Veracruz. He received news of the revolt en route, and eventually took the role of arbitrator. Once again, Santa Anna would depose Gómez Farías after the two men had been elected together.
Gómez Farías did not disappear from public life, and in 1856, he was elected to the congress which inaugurated the pivotal La Reforma which led to the Constitution of 1857, incorporating many of the reforms he had first attempted during his presidencies. He died in 1858 during the Reform War.