Bí-kok kok-hōe tô͘-su-koán
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Bí-kok kok-huē tôo-su-kuán (ing-gú: Library of Congress (LOC)) sī tsìng-sik uī-tio̍h Bí-kok kok-huē lâi ho̍k-bū ê gián-kiù hîng tôo-su-kuán, iah-sī Bí-kok sū-si̍t siōng ê kok-ka tôo-su-kuán[3]. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán sîng-li̍p tī 1800-nî, sī Bí-kok li̍k-sú siōng iu-kiú ê liân-pang bûn-huà ki-kòo.[4] Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán khia teh Washington D.C. kok-hue̋ san [en] ê sam-tsō kiàn-tio̍k lāi-té; iah-koh teh Virginia tsiu ê Culpeper siat-iú tsi̍t-ê pó-hōo tiong-sim.[5] Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê tsit-lîng sī-iû kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê kuán-tiúnn lâi kàm-tok; i-ê kiàn-tio̍k sī-iû kok-huē tāi-hā ê kiàn-tio̍k-su uî-hōo. Bí-kok kok-huē tôo-su-kuán sī sè-kài siōng siōng-tuā ê tôo-su-kuán tsi-it.[3][6] Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê “kuán-tsông sī phóo-phiàn ê, put-siū tsú-tê, keh-sik hi̍k-tsiá kok-kài ê hān-tsè; pau-kuat lâi-tsū sè-kài kok-tē ê 470 guā-tsióng gú-giân ê gián-kiù tsu-liāu”.[4]
Tsú-iàu ua̍t-to̍k-sik luē-pōo | |
Established | 1800 4-gue̍h 24 |
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Location | Washington, D.C. |
Coordinates | 38°53′19″N 77°0′17″W |
Collection | |
Size | 173 pah-bān hāng-bo̍k[lower-alpha 1] |
Access and use | |
Circulation | Kan-na hān-tsè luē-pōo sú-iōng |
Population served | Bí-kok kong-huē hām kok-ka |
Other information | |
Budget | $802.128 pah-bān[2] |
Director | Carla Hayden [en] |
Staff | 3,105[2] |
Website |
loc |
Map |
Kok-huē teh New York tshī hām Philadelphia ê lîm-sî siú-too kí-hîng 11-nî ê huē-gī liáu-āu, tī 1800-nî tshian-tsì Washington, D.C. Teh tsit nn̄g-ê siânn-tshī, Bí-kok kok-huē gī-guân lóng ē-sái sú-iōng "New York siā-huē tôo-su-kuán" (New York Society Library) hām "Philadelphia tôo-su-kuán kong-si" (Library Company of Philadelphia) ê tāi-liōng tsông-phín.[7] Tī 19 sè-kí ê tāi-pōo-hūn sî-kan lāi-té, it-ti̍t kàu 1890 nî-tāi ê tshoo-kî, sió-hîng tôo-su-kuán lóng siat-teh Bí-kok kok-hue tāi-hā lāi-té.
Tāi-pōo-hūn guân-sí tsông-phín tī 1812-nî tsiàn-tsing kî-kan hōo Ing-kok kun-tuī sio-huí. Tôo-su-kuán tī 1815-nî khai-sí hue-ho̍k i-ê tsông-phín. Tôo-su-kuán kòo-bé Thomas Jefferson ê tsuân-pōo kò-jîn tsông-su 6,487-pún. Sui-bóng tī 1851-nî kok-huē tāi-hā ê huē-gī-thiann tsài-tshù huat-sing hué-tsai; m̄-kuh i-ê tsông-phín teh suà--lo̍h-lâi kuí-lo̍h-nî ûn-ûn-á khok-tāi. Tse hué-tsai huí-huāi tāi-liōng ê tsông-phín, pau-kuat Jefferson ê tsiânn-tsē su-tsi̍k. Bí-kok lâm-pak tsiàn-tsing liáu-āu, kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê tiōng-iàu sìng tuè-tio̍h i-ê huat-tián jî-lâi tsing-ka; pīng-tshiánn huat-khí uî hông sio-huí ê su-tsi̍k kòo-bé thè-tāi hù-pún ê ūn-tōng. Tôo-su-kuán hik-tik sóo-ū pán-kuân tsok-phín ê tsuán-jiōng-kuân; ē-tàng tsûn-hòng nn̄g-hūn teh Bí-kok ìn-suat ê su-tsik, tē-tôo, tshah-tôo kah tôo-piáu. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán iah-koh khai-sí kiàn-li̍p ka-kī ê siu-tsông. Kok-huē tôo-su-kuán ê huat-tián tī 1888-nî tsì 1894-nî tsi-kan ta̍t-kàu tíng-hong, kiàn-tsō ka-kī to̍k-li̍p ê tuā-hîng tôo-su-kuán; tsit-má kiò-tsò Thomas Jefferson tāi-hā, kah kok-huē kik-ke siong-bōng. Līng-guā nn̄g-tsō sio-uá ê tôo-su-kuán kiàn-tiok, tio̍h-sī kiàn-siat tī 1930 nî-tāi ê John Adams tuā-lâu hām kiàn-siat tī 1970 nî-tāi ê James Madison kì-liām tuā-lâu, ióng-iú khok-kiàn ê pōo-hūn kuán-tsông; pīng-tshiánn uī-tio̍h gia̍h-guā ê tôo-su-kuán ho̍k-bū thê-kiong khong-kan.
Tôo-su-kuán ê tsú-iàu jīm-bū sī gián-kiù kok-huē gī-guân thê-tshut ê tsa-sûn, tse-sī thong-kuè kok-huē gián-kiù ho̍k-bū-pōo tsìn-hîng ê. Tôo-su-kuán hiòng kong-tsiòng khai-hòng gián-kiù; m̄-kuh kan-na ko-kip kuann-guân hām tôo-su-kuán ê guân-kang ē-tàng tsioh-ua̍t (tiō sī uì lāi-té kā tôo-su tsioh-tsáu) su-tsik hām tsu-liāu.[8]