Draft:History of Morocco (1666–1912)
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The Alawi Sultanate (Arabic: السلطنة العلوية), officially known as the Sharifian Sultanate (Arabic: السلطنة الشريفة) and colloquially as the Sultanate of Morocco, was the state led by the Moroccan Alawi dynasty from their rise to power in 1666 to the Treaty of Fes marking the start of the French protectorate in 1912.
Sultanate of Morocco السلطنة الشريفة (Arabic) | |
---|---|
1666–1912 | |
Flag | |
Status | Ruling dynasty of Morocco |
Capital | |
Largest city | Marrakesh |
Common languages | Arabic, Berber languages |
Religion | Sunni Islam (official) |
Demonym(s) | Moroccan, Moor[1] |
Government | Unitary Islamic state with an absolute monarchy |
Sultan | |
• 1631–1636 | Moulay al-Charif |
• 1672–1727 | Moulay Ismail |
• 1748–1757 | Abdallah of Morocco |
• 1757–1790 | Moulay Mohammed ben Abdallah |
• 1790–1792 | Moulay Yazid |
• 1792–1822 | Moulay Slimane |
• 1822-1859 | Moulay Abderrahmane Ben Hisham |
• 1859-1873 | Moulay Mohammed Ben Abderrahmane |
• 1873-1894 | Moulay Hassan Ben Mohammed I |
• 1894-1908 | Moulay Abdelaziz |
• 1908–1912 | Moulay Abdelhafid |
Legislature | none (rule by decree) |
Population | |
• 1820[2] | 2,689,000 |
Currency | Dinar |
During this period, the Alawi dynasty would take control of the sultanate after the collapse of the Saadi and Dilaid dynasties, and unify Morocco under their control. The sultanate would know a resurgence and a golden age during the reign of Moulay Ismail.
This period is also marked by catastrophic demographic collapse, as Morocco's population fell from around 7 million in the 1590s to 2.69 million in 1820 because of a series of plagues and other natural disasters throughout the 1700s and early 1800s.