Plant hormone
Chemical compounds that regulate plant growth and development / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis,[1] the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense,[2][3] stress tolerance[4][5] and reproductive development.[6] Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones.[7][8] Went and Thimann coined the term "phytohormone" and used it in the title of their 1937 book.[9]
Phytohormones occur across the plant kingdom, and even in algae, where they have similar functions to those seen in vascular plants ("higher plants").[10] Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites.[11]