Supreme Court of India
Highest judicial body in India / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Supreme Court of India (IAST: Bhārat Kā Sarvochch Nyāyālaya भारत का सर्वोच्च न्यायालय) is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court, which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges, has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.[5]
Supreme Court of India | |
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Bhārat Kā Sarvochch Nyāyālaya | |
28°37′20″N 77°14′23″E | |
Established | October 1, 1937; 86 years ago (1937-10-01) |
Jurisdiction | India |
Location | Tilak Marg, New Delhi, Delhi: 110001, India |
Coordinates | 28°37′20″N 77°14′23″E |
Motto | IAST: Yato Dharmastato Jayah (transl. Where there is righteousness and moral duty (dharma), there is victory (jayah)) |
Composition method | Collegium of the Supreme Court of India |
Authorized by | Article 124 of the Constitution of India |
Judge term length | Mandatory retirement at 65 years of age |
Number of positions | 34 (33+1; present strength)[4] |
Website | sci |
Chief Justice of India | |
Currently | Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud |
Since | 9 November 2022 |
As the apex constitutional court, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the High Courts of various states and tribunals. As an advisory court, it hears matters which are referred by the President of India. Under judicial review, the court invalidates both normal laws as well as constitutional amendments that violate the Basic structure doctrine. It is required to safeguard the fundamental rights of citizens and settles legal disputes among the central government and various state governments.
Its decisions are binding on other Indian courts as well as the union and state governments.[6] As per the Article 142 of the Constitution, the court is conferred with the inherent jurisdiction to pass any order deemed necessary in the interest of complete justice which becomes binding on the President to enforce.[7] The Supreme Court replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as the highest court of appeal since 28 January 1950, two days after India was declared a republic.
Empowered by the Indian Constitution with expansive authority to initiate actions and wield appellate jurisdiction over all courts within the nation along with the pivotal ability to review constitutional amendments, underscoring its significant role in the legal landscape of the country, the Supreme Court of India is widely acknowledged as one of the most powerful supreme courts in the world.[8][9]