Paclitaxel
Medication used for cancer / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Paclitaxel, sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer.[4] It is administered by intravenous injection.[4] There is also an albumin-bound formulation.[4]
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Trade names | Taxol, Abraxane, others |
Other names | PTX |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a607070 |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous |
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Bioavailability | 6.5% (by mouth)[3] |
Protein binding | 89 to 98% |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP2C8 and CYP3A4) |
Elimination half-life | 5.8 hours |
Excretion | Fecal and urinary |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.127.725 |
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Formula | C47H51NO14 |
Molar mass | 853.918 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, numbness, allergic reactions, muscle pains, and diarrhea.[4] Other side effects include heart problems, increased risk of infection, and lung inflammation.[4] There are concerns that use during pregnancy may cause birth defects.[5][4] Paclitaxel is in the taxane family of medications.[6] It works by interference with the normal function of microtubules during cell division.[4]
Paclitaxel was isolated in 1971 from the Pacific yew and approved for medical use in 1993.[7][8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] It has been made from precursors, and through cell culture.[8]