User:Atshick/Aichivirus A
Species of virus / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aichivirus A formerly Aichi virus (AiV)[1] belongs to the genus Kobuvirus in the family Picornaviridae[2]. Six species are apart of the genus Kobuvirus, Aichivirus A-F[3]. Within Aichivirus A, there are six different types including human Aichi virus, canine kobuvirus, murine kobuvirus, Kathmandu sewage kobuvirus, roller kobuvirus, and feline kobuvirus[3].Three different genotypes are found in human Aichi virus, represented as genotype A, B, and C [3].
Aichivirus A | |
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Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
Order: | Picornavirales |
Family: | Picornaviridae |
Genus: | Kobuvirus |
Species: | Aichivirus A |
AiV is a non-enveloped positive sense ssRNA virus with icosahedral morphology[3]. Aichivirus A was originally identified after a 1989 outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in the Aichi Prefecture that was linked to raw oyster consumption per genetic analysis[1][4][5]. Human Aichi Virus can cause gastroenteritis with symptoms arising such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and fever [3][6].
Aichivirus A can be found in a variety of environmental areas including sewage, groundwater, river water, and shellfish[2]. Aichivirus A is present in many world regions, and in sometimes greater abundance than other well-known enteric viruses[2]. Aichiviruses have been seen in Asia, Europe, South America, and Africa[2].It has since been isolated in populations of Finnish children,[7] Pakistani children, and Japanese travelers.[8] The widespread nature of aichivirus A can be seen in the high percentage of AiV antibodies in adult human populations found in several countries [3].
Transmission occurs through the fecal-oral route[2]. After the virus is replicated in the gastrointestinal tract, the pathogen can be found in fecal samples of infected individuals[2]. Water and shellfish contaminated with human sewage can propagate aichivirus A[2].