User:Mr. Ibrahem/Dextromethorphan
Medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dextromethorphan is a medication often used in over-the-counter cough medicines.[3] In cough medicine it may be combined with paracetamol (acetaminophine), chlorpheniramine, pseudoephedrine, or guaifenesin.[3] There is no clear evidence of benefit in children under six to twelve years of age with some evidence of harm; thus such use is not recommended.[3][4] It is taken by mouth.[3]
Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Robitussin, Delsym, DM, DexAlone, Duract, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682492 |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Legal status | |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 11%[1] |
Metabolism | Liver enzymes: major CYP2D6, minor CYP3A4, and minor CYP3A5 |
Elimination half-life | 2–4 hours (extensive metabolizers); 24 hours (poor metabolizers)[2] |
Excretion | Kidney |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C18H25NO |
Molar mass | 271.404 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 111 °C (232 °F) |
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Side effects may include nausea, sleepiness, and dizziness.[3] Serious side effects may include serotonin syndrome and abuse.[3] While safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been studied, such use is believed to be okay.[5][6] It is in the morphinan class of medications and acts within the brain to suppress coughing.[3][4]
Dextromethorphan was patented in 1949 and approved for medical use in 1953.[7] Dextromethorphan is also used recreationally.[3] At high doses dextromethorphan acts as a dissociative hallucinogen and may result in seizures.[8] A number of other uses for dextromethorphan are being studied.[9]