Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala
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Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala dị ukwuu ma gbasaa n'ihi mmanụ ala nwere ọtụtụ ojiji. Mmanụ crude na gas bụ isi ike na akụrụngwa nke na-enyere ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị na akụnụba ụwa aka. Ọbịbịa ha etoola ngwa ngwa n'ime afọ 150 gara aga iji gboo ihe ndị mmadụ na-arị elu ngwa ngwa, imepụta ihe, ihe ọmụma na ịzụ ahịa.
A na-emepụta nnukwu ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu na nke na-adịghị egbu egbu n'oge mmịpụta, nhazigharị, na njem nke mmanụ na gas. Ụfọdụ ihe ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta, dị ka ogige organic na-agbanwe agbanwe, nitrogen & sulfur ogige, na mmanụ a wụfuru nwere ike imerụ ikuku, mmiri, na ala n'ọkwa ndị na-emerụ ndụ n'ebe a na-ejikwa ya n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Okpomọkụ ihu igwe, acidification nke oké osimiri, na ịrị elu ọkwa oke osimiri bụ mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụta ikuku griin haus dị ka carbon dioxide (CO2) na methane, na micro-particulate aerosols dị ka carbon ojii.
N'ime ihe niile mmadụ na-eme, ọkụ ọkụ fossil bụ ihe kacha enye aka n'ịkwalite carbon na-aga n'ihu na biosphere nke ụwa. The International Energy Agency na ndị ọzọ na-akọ na mmanụ & gas ojiji mejupụtara n'elu 55% (18 Ijeri Ton) nke ndekọ 32.8 Billion Ton (BT) nke CO2 wepụtara n'ime ikuku si niile ike isi mmalite n'oge afọ 2017. Coal ojiji gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime 45% fọdụrụnụ. Mkpokọta mpụta na-aga n'ihu na-arị elu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ọ bụla: gbagoro 1.7% ọzọ ruo 33.1 BT na 2018.
Site na ọrụ nke ya, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala nyere aka ozugbo ihe dịka 8% (2.7 BT) nke 32.8 BT na 2017. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi ebumnuche ya na mwepụta nke gas ndị ọzọ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nyere aka ozugbo ma ọ dịkarịa ala Nde Tọn 79 nke methane (2.4). BT CO2-dabara) n'otu afọ ahụ; ego ruru ihe dị ka 14% nke ihe niile ama ama anthropogenic na ikuku ikuku nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ.
Tinyere mmanụ ọkụ dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala na gas sitere n'okike, mmanụ ala na-enyere ọtụtụ kemịkalụ na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa aka, dị ka fatịlaịza na plastik. Ọtụtụ teknụzụ ndị ọzọ maka mmepụta ike, njem, na nchekwa nwere ike ime naanị n'oge a n'ihi uru dị iche iche. Nchekwa, arụmọrụ, na ibelata mmetụta mkpofu nke ngwaahịa mmanụ ala bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị irè na omume ndị na-azụ ahịa iji nweta nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi ka mma.