User:SSYoung/Sandbox2
維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_language&oldid=827542622
英语 | |
---|---|
English | |
发音 | /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/[1] |
区域 | 全球各地 |
母语使用人数 | 3.6-4亿 (2006年)[2] 以英语为第二語言的人数:4亿[2] 以英语为外语的人数:6-7亿[2] 使用英语的总人数:14-15亿[2] |
語系 | |
早期形式 | |
文字 |
|
手势符号英语(英语:Manually coded English)(多种手语系统) | |
官方地位 | |
作为官方语言 | |
語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-1 | en |
ISO 639-2 | eng |
ISO 639-3 | eng |
Glottolog | stan1293 [4] |
语言瞭望站 | 52-ABA |
英语圈国家,英语为多数人口的母语
英语是官方语言,但不是多数人口的母语 | |
本条目包含国际音标符号。部分操作系统及浏览器需要特殊字母与符号支持才能正確显示,否则可能显示为乱码、问号、空格等其它符号。 |
英语(英語:English)是日耳曼语族西日耳曼語支的一种语言,最早使用于中世纪早期的英格兰,如今已是全球通用语。[5][6] Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, it ultimately derives its name from the Anglia (Angeln)(英语:Angeln) peninsula in the Baltic Sea. It is closely related to the Frisian languages, but its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Norse (a North Germanic language), as well as by Latin and Romance languages, especially French.[7]
English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England, and was a period in which the language was influenced by French.[8] Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible, and the start of the Great Vowel Shift.[9]
Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries. Through all types of printed and electronic media, and spurred by the emergence of the United States as a global superpower, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca(英语:English as a lingua franca) in many regions and in professional contexts such as science, navigation and law.[10]
English is the third most widespread native language in the world, after Standard Chinese and Spanish.[11] It is the most widely learned second language and is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. There are more people who have learned it as a second language than there are native speakers. English is the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, and it is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa and South Asia.[12] It is a co-official language of the United Nations(英语:Official languages of the United Nations), of the European Union and of many other world and regional international organisations. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch. English has a vast vocabulary, and counting exactly how many words it has is impossible.[13][14]
Modern English grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European dependent marking pattern with a rich inflectional morphology and relatively free word order, to a mostly analytic pattern with little inflection, a fairly fixed SVO word order and a complex syntax.[15] Modern English relies more on auxiliary verbs and word order for the expression of complex tenses, aspect and mood, as well as passive constructions, interrogative(英语:interrogative)s and some negation. Despite noticeable variation among the accents(英语:English accents) and dialects of English used in different countries and regions – in terms of phonetics and phonology, and sometimes also vocabulary, grammar and spelling(英语:English spelling differences) – English-speakers from around the world are able to communicate with one another with relative ease.