Chloroform
Organic compound with the formula CHCl3 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Chloroform (disambiguation).
Chloroform,[10] or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a very volatile, colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE.[11] Chloroform is a trihalomethane that serves as a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic, and sedative when inhaled or ingested, for this reason, Chloroform was used as an anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.[12][13] It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Trichloromethane | |||
Other names | |||
Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol) |
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Abbreviations | R-20, TCM | ||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.603 | ||
EC Number |
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KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1888 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
CHCl3 | |||
Molar mass | 119.37 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Highly refractive colorless liquid | ||
Odor | Sweet, minty, pleasant | ||
Density | 1.564 g/cm3 (−20 °C) 1.489 g/cm3 (25 °C) 1.394 g/cm3 (60 °C) | ||
Melting point | −63.5 °C (−82.3 °F; 209.7 K) | ||
Boiling point | 61.15 °C (142.07 °F; 334.30 K) decomposes at 450 °C | ||
10.62 g/L (0 °C) 8.09 g/L (20 °C) 7.32 g/L (60 °C) | |||
Solubility | Soluble in benzene Miscible in diethyl ether, oils, ligroin, alcohol, CCl4, CS2 | ||
Solubility in acetone | ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C) | ||
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide | ≥ 100 g/L (19 °C) | ||
Vapor pressure | 0.62 kPa (−40 °C) 7.89 kPa (0 °C) 25.9 kPa (25 °C) 313 kPa (100 °C) 2.26 MPa (200 °C) | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) |
3.67 L·atm/mol (24 °C) | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 15.7 (20 °C) | ||
UV-vis (λmax) | 250 nm, 260 nm, 280 nm | ||
−59.30·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Thermal conductivity | 0.13 W/(m·K) (20 °C) | ||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.4459 (20 °C) | ||
Viscosity | 0.563 cP (20 °C) | ||
Structure | |||
Tetrahedral | |||
1.15 D | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
114.25 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
202.9 J/(mol·K) | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−134.3 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
−71.1 kJ/mol | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
473.21 kJ/mol | ||
Pharmacology | |||
N01AB02 (WHO) | |||
Hazards[3] | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Decomposes to extremely toxic phosgene and hydrogen chloride in presence of light – IARC group 2B – Reproductive toxicity – Specific target organ toxicity (STOT)[4][5][6] | ||
GHS labelling: | |||
Danger | |||
H302, H315, H319, H331, H336, H351, H361d, H372 | |||
P201, P202, P235, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P311, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | Nonflammable | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
704 mg/kg (mouse, dermal)[7] | ||
LC50 (median concentration) |
47,702 mg/m3 (rat, 4 hr)[8] | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
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NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
50 ppm (240 mg/m3)[5] | ||
REL (Recommended) |
Ca ST 2 ppm (9.78 mg/m3) [60-minute][5] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
500 ppm[5][clarification needed] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | |||
Related compounds | |||
Related compounds |
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Supplementary data page | |||
Chloroform (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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