Endothelial NOS
Protein and coding gene in humans / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene located in the 7q35-7q36 region of chromosome 7.[5] This enzyme is one of three isoforms that synthesize nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous and lipophilic molecule that participates in several biological processes.[6][7] The other isoforms include neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is constitutively expressed in specific neurons of the brain[8] and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whose expression is typically induced in inflammatory diseases.[9] eNOS is primarily responsible for the generation of NO in the vascular endothelium,[10] a monolayer of flat cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels, at the interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the remainder of the vessel wall.[11] NO produced by eNOS in the vascular endothelium plays crucial roles in regulating vascular tone, cellular proliferation, leukocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation.[12] Therefore, a functional eNOS is essential for a healthy cardiovascular system.