Within state |
Rebel group |
Conflict |
Control since |
Territory controlled |
Notes |
Leader |
Headquarters |
Burkina Faso Mali Somalia Yemen |
Al-Qaeda |
Mali War Somali Civil War Yemeni Civil War |
2006 |
Parts of Burkina Faso[1] Parts of central and northern Mali[2] Large parts of southern and central Somalia[3] Small parts of Abyan Governorate[4] |
|
TBD |
Tinzaouaten (Mali)[5] Jilib (Somalia)[6] |
Nigeria |
Boko Haram |
Boko Haram insurgency |
2009 |
Small parts of Borno, Kaduna and Niger States[7] |
Relocated to Kaduna State after the Battle of Sambisa Forest |
Abu Umaimata |
Chikun[8][9] |
Mali Mozambique Nigeria Somalia |
Islamic State |
Insurgency in Cabo Delgado Mali War Boko Haram insurgency Somali Civil War |
2015 |
Large parts of Borno State[10][11][12] Several villages in the Bari region[13] Several villages in the Gao region[14] Parts of Cabo Delgado Province[15] |
Designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations[16] |
Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi |
Unknown |
Nigeria |
Indigenous People of Biafra |
Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria |
2021 |
Parts of the Former Republic of Biafra |
|
Nnamdi Kanu |
Unknown |
Cameroon |
Biafra Nations League |
Bakassi Conflict |
2021 |
Bakassi Peninsula |
|
Princewill Chimezie Richards, Henry Edet |
Bakassi Peninsula |
Cameroon |
Red Dragon |
Anglophone Crisis |
2019 |
Several villages in Lebialem department of Southwest Province in Cameroon[17] |
The Red Dragon militia controlling parts of Lebialem is loyal to the Interim Government of Ambazonia |
Lekeaka Oliver |
Unknown |
Central African Republic |
Coalition of Patriots for Change[18][19] |
Central African Republic Civil War |
2020 |
Parts of Central African Republic[18] |
Coalition of multiple groups including Anti-balaka,[18] 3R, and MPC[19] |
François Bozizé[18][19] |
N'Djamena, Chad[20] |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Mai-Mai |
Kivu conflict |
2003 |
Parts of northeastern DRC[21] |
Various groups |
Various leaders |
Depending on group |
March 23 Movement |
2012 |
Parts of North Kivu province[22] |
|
Bertrand Bisimwa |
|
Nduma Defense of Congo-Renouveau |
2015 |
Parts of North Kivu province[23] |
|
Shimiray Mwissa Guidon |
Pinga |
Mali |
Azawad |
Mali War |
2012 |
Parts of northern Mali[24] |
|
Bilal Ag Acherif |
Kidal[25] |
Ethiopia |
Fano |
War in Amhara |
2023 |
Parts of the Amhara Region[26] |
|
Zemene Kassie |
|
Myanmar |
Kachin Independence Army |
Internal conflict in Myanmar |
2011 |
Parts of Kachin State[27] |
Military wing of Kachin Independence Organisation |
N'Ban La |
Laiza |
People's Defence Force |
2021 |
Areas across Myanmar.[28] |
Created as opposition to military junta |
Duwa Lashi La |
Multiple local headquarters |
MNDAA |
2021 |
Kokang region. |
|
Pheung Kya-shin |
|
KNDF |
2021 |
Kayah State |
|
Khun Bedu |
|
Chinland |
2021 |
Parts of Chin State[29] |
|
|
Falam |
Karen National Liberation Army |
1966 |
Parts of Kayin State[30][31] |
Military wing of Karen National Union |
Saw Mutu Say Poe |
Lay Wah |
Senegal |
Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance |
Casamance conflict |
1982 |
Parts of Casamance region in Senegal.[32] |
|
|
|
Sudan |
Sudan Revolutionary Front |
Sudan–SRF conflict |
2011 |
Parts of South Kordofan state and Blue Nile state[33] |
|
Abdelaziz al-Hilu |
Kauda[34] |
Syria |
Tahrir al-Sham |
Syrian civil war |
2017 |
Part of Idlib Governorate in northwest Syria[35] |
Faction within the Syrian civil war opposed to the Syrian government |
Abu Mohammad al-Julani |
Idlib[35] |
Maghaweir al-Thowra |
2016 |
Small pocket in the Syrian Desert adjacent to the Jordanian border and the Iraqi border[36][37] |
Faction within the Syrian civil war opposed to the Syrian government and aligned with the United States |
|
Al-Tanf[37] |
Rojava |
2012 |
Territories in the north and east of Syria, mostly over the Euphrates River |
Faction within the Syrian civil war allied to the Syrian government and opposed by Turkey |
Îlham Ehmed, Mansur Selum |
Qamishli |
Syrian National Army |
2017 |
Border areas of Northern Syria[38] |
Faction within the Syrian civil war opposed to the Syrian government and aligned with Turkey |
Anas al-Abdah |
Azaz[39] |
Yemen |
Southern Movement |
Yemeni Civil War |
2017 |
Some of the territory in South Yemen[40][41][42] |
Organized in response to various grievances of southern Yemenis. It maintains a tenuous peace with the Yemeni government. |
Aidarus al-Zoubaidi |
Aden |
Houthi movement |
2004 |
Most of former North Yemen, including the capital Sana'a, and parts of South Yemen[43] |
The Houthis control the Supreme Political Council,[44] which is unrecognized by the international community |
Mahdi al-Mashat |
Sa'dah |