Uttarakhand
State in northern India / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Uttarakhand (English: /ˈʊtərɑːkʌnd/,[18] /ˌʊtərəˈkʌnd/[19] or /ˌʊtəˈrækənd/;[20] Hindi: [ˈʊtːərɑːkʰəɳɖ], lit. 'Northern Land'), formerly known as Uttaranchal (English: /ˌʊtəˈræntʃʌl/; the official name until 2007),[21] is a state in northern India. The state is divided into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a total of 13 districts. The winter capital and largest city of the state is Dehradun, which is also a railhead. On 5 March 2020, Bhararisain, a town in the Gairsain Tehsil of the Chamoli district, was declared as the summer capital of Uttarakhand.[22][23] The High Court of the state is located in Nainital, but is to be moved to Haldwani in future.[24]
Uttarakhand | |
---|---|
State of Uttarakhand | |
Etymology: Northern Land | |
Nickname: "Devbhumi" (Land of Gods) | |
Motto: Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) | |
Anthem: Uttarakhand Devbhumi Matribhumi ("Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!")[1] | |
Coordinates: 30.33°N 78.06°E / 30.33; 78.06 (Dehradun) | |
Country | India |
Region | North India |
Before was | Part of Uttar Pradesh |
As state | 9 November 2000 |
Formation (by bifurcation) | 9 November 2000 |
Capital | Bhararisain Dehradun (winter) |
Largest city | Dehradun |
Districts | 13 |
Government | |
• Body | Government of Uttarakhand |
• Governor | Gurmit Singh |
• Chief minister | Pushkar Singh Dhami[2] (BJP) |
State Legislature | Unicameral |
• Assembly | Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly (70 seats) |
National Parliament | Parliament of India |
• Rajya Sabha | 3 seats |
• Lok Sabha | 5 seats |
High Court | Uttarakhand High Court |
Area | |
• Total | 53,483 km2 (20,650 sq mi) |
• Rank | 19th |
Dimensions | |
• Length | 320 km (200 mi) |
• Width | 385 km (239 mi) |
Highest elevation | 7,816 m (25,643 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 187 m (614 ft) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 10,086,292 |
• Rank | 21st |
• Density | 189/km2 (490/sq mi) |
• Urban | 30.23% |
• Rural | 69.77% |
Demonyms | Uttarakhandi |
Language | |
• Official | Hindi[3] |
• Additional official | Sanskrit[4][5] |
• Official script | Devanagari script |
GDP | |
• Total (2019–2020) | ₹2.93 lakh crore (US$37 billion) |
• Rank | 20th |
• Per capita | ₹220,275 (US$2,800) (10th) |
Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
ISO 3166 code | IN-UK[8] |
Vehicle registration | UK |
HDI (2022) | 0.758 High [9] (7th) |
Literacy (2011) | 78.82%[10] (16th) |
Sex ratio (2011) | 963♀/1000 ♂[10] (4th) |
Website | uk |
Symbols of Uttarakhand | |
Song | Uttarakhand Devbhumi Matribhumi ("Uttarakhand, Land of the Gods, O Motherland!")[11] |
Foundation day | Uttarakhand Day |
Bird | Himalayan monal |
Butterfly | West Himalayan Common Peacock[12][13] |
Fish | Golden Mahseer[14][15] |
Flower | Brahma Kamal[16] |
Mammal | Alpine musk deer[17] |
Tree | Burans |
State highway mark | |
State highway of Uttarakhand | |
List of Indian state symbols | |
Uttarakhand borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north; the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal to the east; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" (lit. 'Land of the Gods')[25] due to its religious significance and numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabar and the Terai regions.
In 1816, most of modern Uttarakhand was ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli. Although the erstwhile hill kingdoms of Garhwal and Kumaon were traditional rivals, the proximity of different neighbouring ethnic groups and the inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language, and traditions created strong bonds between the two regions, which further strengthened during the Uttarakhand movement for statehood in the 1990s.
The natives of the state are generally called Uttarakhandi, or more specifically either Garhwali or Kumaoni depending on their region of origin. According to the 2011 Census of India, Uttarakhand has a population of 10,086,292, making it the 20th most populous state in India.[26]