London
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London ni msumba ukuru wa England na United Kingdom, ndipo uli na ŵanthu pafupifupi 9 miliyoni. Msumba uwu uli mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Thames kumwera kwa England, ndipo uli pa mtunda wa makilomita 80 kufuma ku Mlonga wa Thames m'paka ku Nyanja ya North.[8] Msumba wa London, uwo ni msumba wakale comene ndiposo wa vya ndalama, ukazengeka na Ŵaroma nga ni Londinium ndipo uli na mphaka zake za mu nyengo yakale. Mu msumba wa Westminster, uwo uli kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa msumba wa London, ndimo muli boma na nyumba za boma. Kwambira mu ma 1800, zina lakuti "London" likuyowoyaso za msumba ukuru uwo uli pafupi na msumba uwu, uwo ukagaŵikana pakati pa Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, na Hertfordshire.[note 1][9]Pakuti London ni msumba ukuru chomene pa charu chose, uli na mazaza pa nkhani za luso, vyakusanguluska, mafashoni, malonda, ndalama, masambiro, vyaumoyo, vyakupharazga, sayansi na matekinoloje, maulendo, na mendero. GDP yake (€ 801.66 billion mu 2017) yikupangiska kuti yiŵe msumba ukuru comene mu Europe, ndipo ni umoza mwa malo ghakuru gha vya ndalama mu caru. Ku Europe kuli masukulu ghanandi gha masukulu ghapachanya, ndipo kuli masukulu ghanyake ghapachanya chomene pa charu chose. London ni msumba uwo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwungana mu Europe, ndipo mu msumba uwu ndimo muli ndege zinandi chomene pa charu chose. Sitima za pasi pa mtunda za ku London ni zitali comene pa caru cose.[10]
London | |
---|---|
Capital city | |
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Country | England |
Region | London (Greater London) |
Ceremonial counties | Greater London (ceremonial county) City of London |
Local government districts | 32 London boroughs and the City of London |
Settled by Romans | AD 47; 1977 vyaka vyajumphapo (47)[1] as Londinium |
Government | |
• Type | Executive mayoralty and deliberative assembly within unitary constitutional monarchy |
• Body | Greater London Authority • Mayor Sadiq Khan (L) • London Assembly |
• London Assembly | 14 constituencies |
• UK Parliament | 73 constituencies |
Area | |
• Total[upper-alpha 1] | 606.96 sq mi (1,572.03 km2) |
• Urban | 671.0 sq mi (1,737.9 km2) |
• Metro | 3,236 sq mi (8,382 km2) |
• City of London | 1.12 sq mi (2.89 km2) |
• 32 London boroughs (total) | 605.85 sq mi (1,569.14 km2) |
Elevation | 36 ft (11 m) |
Population (2021 except where stated) | |
• Total[upper-alpha 1] | 8,799,800[3] |
• Density | 14,500/sq mi (5,598/km2) |
• Urban (2011)[4] | 9,787,426 |
• Metro (2019)[5] | 14,257,962 (London metropolitan area) |
• City of London | 8,600[3] |
Demonyms | Londoner |
GVA (2020) | |
• Total | £504 billion |
• Per capita | £55,974 |
Time zone | UTC (Greenwich Mean Time) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (British Summer Time) |
Postcode areas | 22 areas
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Area codes | 9 area codes
020, 01322, 01689, 01708, 01737, 01895, 01923, 01959, 01992
|
Budget | £19.376 billion ($25 billion)[7] |
International airports | Inside London: Heathrow (LHR) City (LCY) Outside London: Gatwick (LGW) Stansted (STN) Luton (LTN) Southend (SEN) |
Rapid transit system | London Underground |
Police | Metropolitan (county of Greater London) City of London (City of London square mile) |
Ambulance | London |
Fire | London |
GeoTLD | .london |
Website | london |
Ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero vyakupambanapambana ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vyakujumpha 300. Mu 2018, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba wa Greater London ŵakaŵa 9 miliyoni. Malo agha ndigho ghali na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene pa charu chose cha Europe, ndipo pa 2011 pakaŵa ŵanthu pafupifupi 9.8 miliyoni. Mu 2016, msumba wa London ndiwo ukaŵa wachitatu pa misumba yinandi ku Europe.
Ku London kuli malo ghanayi agho ghakusangika na ŵanthu ŵanandi: Tower of London; Kew Gardens; Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, na Church of St. Margaret; kweniso Greenwich, uko Royal Observatory, Greenwich, yikulongosora nyengo ya Greenwich. Vinyake ivyo vikumanyikwa ni Buckingham Palace, London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St. Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, na Trafalgar Square. Ku London kuli malo ghanandi ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale nga ni British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library, na West End. Vinthu vyakuzirwa ivyo vikuchitika mu London ni FA Cup Final (iyo yikuchitika chaka chilichose pa Wembley Stadium), Wimbledon Tennis Championships na London Marathon. Mu 2012, msumba wa London ndiwo ukaŵa wakwamba kuchitiska maseŵero gha Olimpiki katatu.[11]