Adenosine triphosphate
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide[2] that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, it is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer.[3]
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Adenosine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) | |||
Systematic IUPAC name
O1-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl} tetrahydrogen triphosphate | |||
Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider |
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DrugBank |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.258 | ||
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
C10H16N5O13P3 | |||
Molar mass | 507.18 g/mol | ||
Density | 1.04 g/cm3 (disodium salt) | ||
Melting point | 187 °C (369 °F; 460 K) disodium salt; decomposes | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 0.9, 1.4, 3.8, 6.5 | ||
UV-vis (λmax) | 259 nm[1] | ||
Absorbance | ε259 = 15.4 mM−1 cm−1 [1] | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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When consumed in a metabolic processes, ATP converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Other processes regenerate ATP. It is also a precursor to DNA and RNA, and is used as a coenzyme. An average human adult processes around 50 kilograms daily.[4]
From the perspective of biochemistry, ATP is classified as a nucleoside triphosphate, which indicates that it consists of three components: a nitrogenous base (adenine), the sugar ribose, and the triphosphate.