Bad-tibira
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Bad-tibira (Sumerian: 𒂦𒁾𒉄𒆠, bad3-tibiraki), "Wall of the Copper Worker(s)",[1] or "Fortress of the Smiths",[2] identified as modern Tell al-Madineh (also Tell Madineh), between Ash Shatrah and Tell as-Senkereh (ancient Larsa) and 33 kilometers northeast of ancient Girsu in southern Iraq,[3] was an ancient Sumerian city on the Iturungal canal (built by Ur III ruler Ur-Nammu), which appears among antediluvian cities in the Sumerian King List. Its Akkadian name was Dûr-gurgurri.[4] It was also called Παντιβίβλος (Pantibiblos) by Greek authors such as Berossus, transmitted by Abydenus and Apollodorus. This may reflect another version of the city's name, Patibira, "Canal of the Smiths".[5]
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Alternative name | Tell Madineh |
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Location | Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq |
Coordinates | 31°22′47″N 45°59′59″E |
Type | settlement |
History | |
Periods | Early Dynastic, Ur III, Old Babylonian |
Site notes | |
Excavation dates | 1927 |
Archaeologists | Raymond P. Dougherty |
Condition | Ruined |
Ownership | Public |
Public access | Yes |
There is known to be a temple of the deity Kittum at Bad-tibira.[6] It has been suggested that Ninsheshegarra, an aspect of the goddess Geshtinanna who is sister of Dumuzid, was worshiped in the temple Esheshegarra at Bad-tibira.[7][8]