Battle of Finnsburg
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The Battle of Finnsburg (or Finnsburh) was a conflict in the Germanic heroic age between Frisians with a possible Jutish contingent, and a primarily Danish party. Described only in later Anglo-Saxon poetry, if the conflict had an historical basis it most likely occurred around 450 AD.[2]
Battle of Finnsburg | |||||||
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Part of the legends of the Germanic heroic age | |||||||
The Frisian lands, and neighbouring kingdoms, in the 5th century, showing an approximate territorial boundary within which the battle took place | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Frisians, and possibly Jutes | Danish Hocings, with others such as a Secgan lord | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
King Finn † of Frisia | Prince Hnæf † of the Danish Hocings; Hengest | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Unknown | 60 men | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Heavy losses in both phases | Unknown, at least one death in phase one |
In the story, the young prince Hnæf, described as a Hocing, Half-Dane, and Scylding, was staying as an invited guest of the Frisian king Finn. For reasons unknown, a battle broke out between the two parties, probably started by the Frisian side,[3] and Hnæf was killed. Hnæf's retainer Hengest took command, and the sides engaged in a peace treaty; but Hengest and the Danes later avenged Hnæf's death and slaughtered the Frisians.
The primary descriptive sources of the events are the Finnsburg Fragment, and an allusive section of Beowulf. Since the battle is well represented amongst such a small corpus of Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry,[4] it was probably significant and once widely known. Due to the fragmentary and allusive condition of the sources, however, the story is difficult to reconstruct.