Empagliflozin
Diabetes medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Empagliflozin, sold under the brand name Jardiance, among others, is an antidiabetic medication used to improve glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes.[10][2][12] It is taken by mouth.[2]
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Trade names | Jardiance, others |
Other names | BI-10773 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a614043 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor[2] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.122.058 |
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Formula | C23H27ClO7 |
Molar mass | 450.91 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include hyperventilation, anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, mental status changes, hypotension, acute kidney injury, and vaginal yeast infections.[2] Rarer but more serious side effects include a skin infection of the groin called Fournier's gangrene and a form of diabetic ketoacidosis with normal blood sugar levels.[2][13] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended.[14] Before initiating empagliflozin, carefully assess renal function and monitor closely in the initial four weeks, for a potentially temporary decline in kidney function. Some trials have indicated that empagliflozin can be used in people with an eGFR as low as 20 ml/min/1.73 m², without increasing adverse kidney outcomes.[15][16]
The use of empagliflozin has been shown to improve outcomes in people with established cardiovascular disease.[17][15] There is evidence from high quality studies that empagliflozin can also help to slow the rate of kidney function decline. Irrespective of diabetes status, benefit was observed in those with mild, moderate or severe loss of kidney function.[18][19] People started on empagliflozin may first see a decrease in kidney function before their glomerular filtration rate stabilises.[20] Greatest benefit was demonstrated in those who had severe loss of kidney function, higher risk of kidney function worsening and background of diabetes.[21]
Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2), and works by increasing sugar loss in urine.[2]
Empagliflozin was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2014.[11][22][23] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[24] In 2021, it was the 85th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions.[25][26] It has received approval as a generic medication from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[27]