Haematoxylin
Natural stain derived from hearthwood and used in histology / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Haematoxylin or hematoxylin (/ˌhiːməˈtɒksɪlɪn/), also called natural black 1 or C.I. 75290, is a compound extracted from heartwood of the logwood tree (Haematoxylum campechianum)[1][2] with a chemical formula of C
16H
14O
6. This naturally derived dye has been used as a histologic stain, as an ink[3][4][5][6] and as a dye in the textile and leather industry.[7][8] As a dye, haematoxylin has been called palo de Campeche,[8] logwood extract,[7] bluewood[9] and blackwood.[9] In histology, haematoxylin staining is commonly followed by counterstaining with eosin.[1][10][11] When paired, this staining procedure is known as H&E staining and is one of the most commonly used combinations in histology.[1][7][12][13][14] In addition to its use in the H&E stain, haematoxylin is also a component of the Papanicolaou stain (or Pap stain) which is widely used in the study of cytology specimens.[1][14]
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Preferred IUPAC name
(6aS,11bR)-7,11b-Dihydroindolo[2,1-c] [1]benzopyran-3,4,6a,9,10(6H)-pentol | |
Other names
Hematoxylin; Natural Black 1; Hematoxyline; Hydroxybrazilin; Hydroxybrasilin; C.I. 75290 | |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.490 |
MeSH | Hematoxylin |
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Properties | |
C16H14O6 | |
Molar mass | 302.282 g·mol−1 |
Melting point | 100-120 °C |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Although the stain is commonly called haematoxylin, the active colourant is the oxidized form haematein, which forms strongly coloured complexes with certain metal ions (commonly Fe(III) and Al(III) salts).[1][7][8][15][16] In its pure form, haematoxylin is a colourless and crystalline solid,[7][17] although commercial samples are typically light to dark brown based on the level of impurities present.[2][18]