Hague–Visby Rules
1968 rules describing responsibilities and liabilities of ship owners for cargo / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Hague–Visby Rules is a set of international rules for the international carriage of goods by sea. They are a slightly updated version of the original Hague Rules which were drafted in Brussels in 1924.
International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading (1924)/ First Protocol (1968)/ Second Protocol (1979) | |
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Drafted | 25 August 1924/23 February 1968/21 December 1979 |
Effective | 2 June 1931/23 June 1977/24 February 1982 |
Condition | After consultations/ 10 ratifications, of which 5 representing over 1 millions gross tonnage (first protocol)/ 5 ratifications (second protocol) |
Ratifiers | 86/24/19 |
Depositary | Belgian Government |
Languages | French and English (protocols) |
The premise of the Hague–Visby Rules (and of the earlier English common law from which the Rules are drawn) was that a carrier typically has far greater bargaining power than the shipper, and that to protect the interests of the shipper/cargo-owner, the law should impose some minimum affreightment obligations upon the carrier. However, the Hague and Hague–Visby Rules were hardly a charter of new protections for cargo-owners; the English common law prior to 1924 provided more protection for cargo-owners, and imposed more liabilities upon "common carriers".[1]
The official title of the Hague Rules the "International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading". After being amended by the Brussels Amendments (officially the "Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading") in 1968, the Rules became known colloquially as the Hague–Visby Rules.
A final amendment was made in the SDR Protocol in 1979. Many countries declined to adopt the Hague–Visby Rules and stayed with the 1924 Hague Rules.[2] Some other countries which upgraded to Hague-Visby subsequently failed to adopt the 1979 SDR protocol.