History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
History of Iran after the 1979 revolution / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The authoritarian monarchy was replaced by a long-lasting Shiite Islamic republic based on the principle of guardianship of Islamic jurists, (or Velayat-e faqih), where Shiite jurists serve as head of state and in many powerful governmental roles. A pro-Western, pro-American foreign policy was exchanged for one of "neither east nor west", said to rest on the three "pillars" of mandatory veil (hijab) for women, and opposition to the United States and Israel.[1] A rapidly modernizing capitalist economy[2][3] was replaced by a populist and Islamic economy and culture.
This article needs to be updated. (November 2016) |
The leader of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, was the Supreme Leader of Iran until his death in 1989.[4] He was followed by Ali Khamenei.
From 1999 to present, there have been a series of political/social/economic protest movements in Iran, the July 1999 student protests, 2009 presidential election protests, protests in 2011–2012, 2019–2020 and the 2022-2023 Mahsa Amini protests. All have been violently suppressed by the government and several hundred people have been killed.[5]