Lenalidomide
Pair of enantiomers / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Lenalidomide, sold under the brand name Revlimid among others, is a medication used to treat multiple myeloma, smoldering myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).[6] For multiple myeloma, it is a first line treatment, and is given with dexamethasone.[6] It is taken by mouth.[6]
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Pronunciation | /ˌlɛnəˈlɪdoʊmaɪd/ |
Trade names | Revlimid, Linamide, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a608001 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
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Bioavailability | Undetermined |
Protein binding | 30% |
Metabolism | Undetermined |
Elimination half-life | 3 hours |
Excretion | Kidney (67% unchanged) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.218.924 |
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Formula | C13H13N3O3 |
Molar mass | 259.265 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Common side effects include diarrhea, itchiness, joint pain, fever, headache, and trouble sleeping.[6] Severe side effects include low blood platelets, low white blood cells, and blood clots.[6] The dose may need to be adjusted in people with kidney problems.[6] Lenalidomide is closely related to thalidomide, which is known to cause severe birth defects, so its use during pregnancy is very likely to harm the fetus.[6]
Lenalidomide belongs to a class of drugs known as immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) or Cereblon E3 ligase modulators, which includes thalidomide and its analogs.[7] In lymphocytes, these drugs target an E3 ubiquitin ligase and change its specificity to include new targets.[7] This results in the rapid degradation of several disease-related proteins including IKZF1, IKZF3, and CSNK1A1.[7]
Lenalidomide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2005.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8]