Lwów pogrom (1918)
Anti-Jewish attacks in Lwów, Poland / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Lwów pogrom (Polish: pogrom lwowski, German: Lemberger Pogrom) was a pogrom perpetrated by Polish soldiers and civilians against the Jewish population of the city of Lwów (since 1945, Lviv, Ukraine). It happened on 21–23 November 1918, during the Polish–Ukrainian War that followed World War I.[1]
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Lwów pogrom | |
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Location | Lwów, Poland |
Date | 21–23 November 1918 |
Deaths | 52–150 Jewish victims, up to 340 total |
Injured | Over 443 |
Perpetrators | Polish soldiers and civilians |
During three days of unrest in the city, an estimated 52[2]–150[3] Jewish residents were killed, and hundreds were injured. Non-Jewish casualties were also reported. They were mainly Ukrainian, and they might have outnumbered the Jewish fatalities. The total number of victims was reported to be 340.[4][5][6] Roughly 1,600 people, including some soldiers, were arrested by Polish authorities during and after the pogrom. Seventy-nine of them were tried by Polish military courts, with 44 of them being convicted. Although three of the pogromists were executed, most of the others received lenient sentences, ranging from 10 days to 18 months.[3][7]
The 1918 Lwów events were widely publicized in the international press. US President Woodrow Wilson appointed a commission, led by Henry Morgenthau, Sr., to investigate violence against the Jewish population in Poland. The Morgenthau Report was published in October 1919.[8]