Mandore (instrument)
Musical instrument / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The mandore is a musical instrument, a small member of the lute family, teardrop shaped, with four to six courses of gut strings[2] and pitched in the treble range.[3] Considered a French instrument, with much of the surviving music coming from France, it was used across "Northern Europe" including Germany and Scotland. Although it went out of style, the French instrument has been revived for use in classical music. The instrument's most commonly played relatives today are members of the mandolin family and the bandurria.
The mandore arrived in France from Spain, and was considered a new instrument in French music books from the 1580s,[4] but can be seen as a development of the gittern.[5][6] In Spain the mandore was called vandola.[6][4] Musicologist James Tyler said that the Spanish bandurria with three strings was the mandore, although it had four strings when it arrived in France.[7] In its Spanish form the bandurria may have resembled the rebec.[7]
The mandore was played widely across Europe, just as the earlier gittern had been. The Italians called it the mandola and even as the instrument became obsolete elsewhere, by the mid 17th century they had developed it into "an instrument with its own distinct tuning, technique and music."[7] In Milan, Italy as the mandore or Lombardo, it remained in use into the late 19th century. That variant is known today as the Milanese or Lombardic mandolin, and retains the mandore's tuning. The Italians also called it the mandora or mandola. The latter name is still used in the mandolin family for an alto or tenor range instrument. From the mandola, the baroque mandolino was created, which in turn became the modern mandolin.[8][6][9]
The Germans continued to use quinterne, their name for the gittern. Michael Praetorius recorded the names mandürichen, bandürichen, mandoër, mandurinichen, mandörgen, and pandurina. The latter name, pandurina, was also applied in the 1700s in Italy to the Milanese mandolin.[10][11][12][3][8]