Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter
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Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter or MV-NIS is an attenuated oncolytic Edmonston (Ed) strain of measles virus.[1][2][3]
MV-NIS will attach and fuse to host tumor cell membranes. After fusion, MV-NIS has been observed to kill the tumor cells. Due to the unique properties of iodine uptake in these cells, iodine 123 (I-123) may be used to image MV-NIS-infected tumor cells. Non-invasive imaging provides confirmation of targeted infection and allows for monitoring and visualization of treatment progression.
The human CD46 antigen is known to be the functional cellular receptor for Measles virus.[4] This type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein is a normal part of human tissue but may be overexpressed on some cancer cell types.[2]
MV-NIS is the first targeted engineered virus therapy to have shown remission in published cancer clinical trials.[2][5]