Qarmatians
Sevener Ismaili Shia group / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Qarmatians (Arabic: قرامطة, romanized: Qarāmiṭa; Persian: قرمطیان, romanized: Qarmatiyān)[lower-alpha 1] were a militant[8][9] Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious—and, as some scholars have claimed, proto-socialist or utopian socialist[10][11][12]—state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that adhered to a syncretic branch of Sevener Ismaili Shia Islam,[7] and were ruled by a dynasty founded by Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, a Persian from Jannaba in coastal Fars.[13][14] They rejected the claim of Fatimid Caliph Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah to imamate and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi, and they revolted against the Fatimid and Abbasid Caliphates.[15][7]
Qarmatians قرامطة | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
899–1077 | |||||||||
Capital | al-Hasa | ||||||||
Religion | Isma'ilism | ||||||||
Demonym(s) | Qarmatian | ||||||||
Government | Theocracy | ||||||||
Ruler | |||||||||
• 894–914 | Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi | ||||||||
• 914–944 | Abu Tahir al-Jannabi | ||||||||
• 944–970 | Ahmad Abu Tahir | ||||||||
• 968–977 | Al-Hasan al-A'sam | ||||||||
• 970–972 | Abul Kassim Sa'id | ||||||||
• 972–977 | Abu Yaqub Yousuf | ||||||||
Historical era | Islamic Golden Age (4th Islamic century) | ||||||||
765 | |||||||||
899 | |||||||||
930 | |||||||||
931 | |||||||||
• Black Stone returned | 952 | ||||||||
• Defeated by the Abbasids | 976 | ||||||||
1077 | |||||||||
|
Qarmatians | |
---|---|
قرامطة | |
Founder | Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi |
Dates of operation | 899–1077 |
Active regions | Bahrayn, Mesopotamia, Najd, Hejaz, Levant, Egypt |
Ideology | Isma'ilism Extremism Socialism[1] Islamic Socialism[2] Utopian Socialism[3] Terrorism[4][5][6] |
Opponents | Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Uyunid Emirate Seljuk Empire |
Battles and wars | Capture of Bahrayn (899) Battle of Hama (903) Sack of Basra (923) Hajj caravan raid (924) Invasion of Iraq (928) Sack of Mecca (930) Invasions of Egypt (971) Overthrowing of the Qarmatians (1058–1077) |
Mecca was sacked by a Qarmatian leader, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi,[16] outraging the Muslim world, particularly with their theft of the Black Stone and desecration of the Zamzam Well with corpses during the Hajj season of 930 CE.[17]