Robert Maxwell
Czechoslovak-born British media proprietor, fraudster, and MP (1923–1991) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ian Robert Maxwell MC (born Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch; 10 June 1923 – 5 November 1991) was a Czechoslovak-born British media proprietor, politician, fraudster, and the father of the convicted sex offender Ghislaine Maxwell.[1][2]
Robert Maxwell | |
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Member of Parliament for Buckingham | |
In office 15 October 1964 – 29 May 1970 | |
Preceded by | Sir Frank Markham |
Succeeded by | Sir Bill Benyon |
Personal details | |
Born | Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch (1923-06-10)10 June 1923 Slatinské Doly, Czechoslovakia (now Solotvyno, Ukraine) |
Died | 5 November 1991(1991-11-05) (aged 68) Sea around the Canary Islands, Spain |
Resting place | Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery, Jerusalem |
Citizenship | Czechoslovak British (1946–1991) |
Political party | Labour |
Spouse | |
Children | 9, including Christine, Isabel, Ian, Kevin and Ghislaine |
Occupation |
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Military service | |
Allegiance |
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Branch/service | |
Years of service | 1940–1945 |
Rank | Captain |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Awards | Military Cross |
After escaping the Nazi occupation of his native country, Maxwell joined the Czechoslovak Army in exile during World War II and was decorated after active service in the British Army. In subsequent years he worked in publishing, building up Pergamon Press to a major academic publisher. After six years as a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) during the 1960s, Maxwell again put all his energy into business, successively buying the British Printing Corporation, Mirror Group Newspapers and Macmillan Publishers, among other publishing companies.
Maxwell led a flamboyant lifestyle, living in Headington Hill Hall in Oxford, from which he often flew in his helicopter, or sailing in his luxury yacht, the Lady Ghislaine. He was litigious and often embroiled in controversy. In 1989, Maxwell had to sell successful businesses, including Pergamon Press, to cover some of his debts. In 1991, his body was discovered floating in the Atlantic Ocean, having apparently fallen overboard from his yacht. He was buried in Jerusalem.
Maxwell's death triggered the collapse of his publishing empire as banks called in loans. His sons briefly attempted to keep the business together, but failed as the news emerged that the elder Maxwell had embezzled hundreds of millions of pounds from his own companies' pension funds. The Maxwell companies applied for bankruptcy protection in 1992. After Maxwell's death, large discrepancies in his companies' finances were revealed, including his fraudulent misappropriation of the Mirror Group pension fund.[3]