Spartacist uprising
1919 failed Communist takeover in Berlin / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Spartacist uprising (German: Spartakusaufstand), also known as the January uprising (Januaraufstand), was an armed uprising that took place in Berlin from 5 to 12 January 1919. It occurred in connection with the November Revolution that broke out following Germany's defeat in World War I. The uprising was primarily a power struggle between the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) led by Friedrich Ebert, which favored a social democracy, and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, which wanted to set up a council republic similar to the one established by the Bolsheviks in Russia. In 1914 Liebknecht and Luxemburg had founded the Marxist Spartacus League (Spartakusbund), which gave the uprising its popular name.
Spartacist uprising | |||||||
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Part of the German Revolution of 1918–1919 | |||||||
Soldiers on the Brandenburg Gate during the Spartacist uprising | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Friedrich Ebert Gustav Noske |
Karl Liebknecht Rosa Luxemburg | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
3,000 Freikorps |
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
17 killed 20 wounded | 130–180 killed[1] | ||||||
150–196 total deaths, including an uncertain number of civilians[2] |
The revolt was improvised and small scale and quickly crushed by the superior strength of government and paramilitary troops in what became known as Bloody Week.[3] The death toll was roughly 150–200, mostly among the insurgents. The most prominent deaths were those of Liebknecht and Luxemburg, who were executed extrajudicially, almost certainly with the approval of the leaders of the provisional SPD-led government.[4][5] The party's involvement hampered its position throughout the life of the Weimar Republic, although quashing of the uprising did allow elections for the National Assembly to take place as scheduled on 19 January. The Assembly went on to write the Weimar Constitution that created the first functioning German democracy.