Thionyl chloride
Inorganic compound (SOCl2) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl2. It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour. Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s,[5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.[6][7][8] It is toxic, reacts with water, and is also listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention as it may be used for the production of chemical weapons.
Names | |
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IUPAC name
Thionyl chloride | |
Other names
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.863 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
UN number | 1836 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
SOCl2 | |
Molar mass | 118.97 g/mol |
Appearance | Colourless liquid (yellows on ageing) |
Odor | Pungent and unpleasant |
Density | 1.638 g/cm3, liquid |
Melting point | −104.5 °C (−156.1 °F; 168.7 K) |
Boiling point | 74.6 °C (166.3 °F; 347.8 K) |
Reacts | |
Solubility | Soluble in most aprotic solvents: toluene, chloroform, diethyl ether. Reacts with protic solvents such as alcohols |
Vapor pressure |
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Refractive index (nD) |
1.517 (20 °C)[2] |
Viscosity | 0.6 cP |
Structure | |
pyramidal | |
1.44 D | |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) |
121.0 J/mol (liquid)[3] |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
309.8 kJ/mol (gas)[3] |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−245.6 kJ/mol (liquid)[3] |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Very toxic, corrosive, releases HCl on contact with water |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H302, H314, H331 | |
P261, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
None[4] |
REL (Recommended) |
C 1 ppm (5 mg/m3)[4] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
N.D.[4] |
Related compounds | |
Related Thionyl halides |
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Related compounds |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Thionyl chloride is sometimes confused with sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, but the properties of these compounds differ significantly. Sulfuryl chloride is a source of chlorine whereas thionyl chloride is a source of chloride ions.