James Cook
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James Cook FRS (7 ga watan Nuwambar shekarar 1728 [NB 1] -14 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1779) ɗan ƙasar Biritaniya ne mai bincike, navigator, zane-zane, kuma kyaftin a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Burtaniya, wanda ya shahara da tafiye-tafiye uku tsakanin shekarata 1768 da 1779 a Tekun Pasifik da zuwa kasar New Zealand. da kasar Australia musamman. Ya yi cikakkun taswirori na Newfoundland kafin yayi balaguro sau uku zuwa tekun Pasifik, a lokacin da ya sami nasarar isar Turai ta farko zuwa gabar tekun gabashin kasar Ostiraliya da tsibiran Hawai, da zagaye na farko na kasar New Zealand.
James Cook | |
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Rayuwa | |
Haihuwa | Marton (en) , 27 Oktoba 1728 |
ƙasa | Kingdom of Great Britain (en) |
Harshen uwa | Turanci |
Mutuwa | Kealakekua Bay (en) , 14 ga Faburairu, 1779 |
Yanayin mutuwa | kisan kai (stab wound (en) ) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifiya | Grace Pace |
Abokiyar zama | Elizabeth Cook (en) (21 Disamba 1762 - |
Yara |
view
|
Karatu | |
Harsuna |
Turanci Faransanci |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | mabudi, cartographer (en) , naval officer (en) , seafarer (en) da botanist (en) |
Mahalarcin
| |
Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
Mamba | Royal Society (en) |
Aikin soja | |
Fannin soja | Royal Navy (en) |
Digiri | captain (en) |
Cook ya shiga aikin sojan ruwa na Burtaniya lokacin yana matashi kuma ya shiga Rundunar Sojojin ruwa a shekarar 1755. Ya ga wani mataki a Yaƙin Shekara Bakwai kuma daga baya ya yi nazari tare da tsara taswira da yawa na ƙofar kogin St. Wannan yabo ya zo a wani lokaci mai mahimmanci ga jagorancin binciken Birtaniya na ketare, kuma ya jagoranci hukumarsa a shekarar 1768 a matsayin kwamandan HMS. Ƙoƙari don farkon tafiya guda uku na Pacific.
A cikin waɗannan tafiye-tafiyen, Cook ya yi tafiya na dubban mil a wurare da ba a san shi ba na duniya. Ya tsara filaye daga New Zealand zuwa Hawaii a cikin Tekun Pasifik daki-daki da ma'auni da masu binciken Yammacin Turai ba su tsara a baya ba. Ya yi nazari da sunaye fasali, kuma ya rubuta tsibirai da bakin teku akan taswirorin Turai a karon farko. Ya kuma nuna haɗe-haɗe na jirgin ruwa, ingantaccen bincike da fasaha na zane-zane, ƙarfin hali, da ikon jagorantar maza a cikin yanayi mara kyau.
An kai wa Cook hari tare da kashe shi a shekara ta 1779 a lokacin balaguron bincike na uku da ya yi a tekun Pacific a lokacin da yake yunkurin yin garkuwa da shugaban da ke mulki a tsibirin Hawai`i, Kalani`ōpu`u, domin kwato wani tsinke da aka karbo daga daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa bayan da ma'aikatansa suka dauko itace daga binne shi. ƙasa. Duk da yake akwai cece-kuce game da matsayin Cook a matsayin 'mai ba da ikon mulkin mallaka' da kuma tashin hankalin da ke tattare da hulɗarsa da 'yan asalin ƙasar, ya bar gadon ilimin kimiyya da yanki wanda ya yi tasiri ga magajinsa har zuwa 20th. karni, kuma an keɓe masa abubuwan tunawa da yawa a dukan duniya.