Jerin malaman falsafar musulmi
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Masana falsafar musulmi duka suna da'awar Musulunci kuma suna shiga cikin salon falsafar dake cikin tsarin harshen Larabci da Musulunci, ko da yake ba lallai ba ne ya damu da batutuwan addini. Maganganun sahabbai Muhammadu sun ƙunshi ɗan tattaunawa na falsafa. [lower-alpha 1][2] A cikin karni na takwas, cudanya mai yawa da Daular Byzantine ta haifar da yunƙurin fassara ayyukan falsafa na Falsafar Girka ta Tsohuwar (musamman matani na Aristotle) zuwa Larabci.[2]
Al-Kindi na ƙarni na tara ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ya assasa falsafar Islama (800-1200). Masanin falsafa na karni na goma al-Farabi ya bada gudummawa sosai wajen shigar da ayyukan falsafar Girka da na Romawa cikin bahasin falsafar musulmi kuma ya kafa da yawa daga cikin jigogin da zasu mamaye falsafar Musulunci na tsawon karni masu zuwa; a cikin faffadan aikinsa, aikinsa kan dabaru ya fito fili musamman.[3] A karni na sha daya, Ibn Sina, daya daga cikin manyan malaman falsafar musulmi,[3] ya kirkiro nasa makarantar falsafa ta musamman da aka sani da Avicennism wacce ke da tushen Aristotelian da Neoplatonist. Al-Ghazali, sanannen malamin falsafa kuma masanin ilimin tauhidi, ya dauki hanyar magance sabani a fili tsakanin hankali da wahayi. Ya fahimci mahimmancin falsafa kuma ya samar da amsa mai rikitarwa wanda ya ƙi wasu daga cikin koyarwar ta kuma yayi Allah wadai da shi, yayin da kuma ya ba shi damar yarda da aiki da wasu.[4] Karɓar da al-Ghazali ya yi na zanga-zanga (apodeixis) ne ya haifar da ingantaccen magana mai tsafta akan ilimin ilmin halitta da furen dabaru na Aristotelian da metaphysics a cikin da'irar tauhidin musulmi.[4] Averroes, fitaccen masanin falsafa na ƙarshe na musulmi, ya kare amfani da falsafar Aristotel akan wannan zargi; Ayyukansa masu yawa sun haɗa da sharhi masu mahimmanci akan Aristotle.[2] A cikin karni na goma sha biyu, Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi ya kafa falsafar haskakawa. Ko da yake falsafar a cikin tsarinta na Aristotelian na al'ada ya ɓace a yawancin ƙasashen Larabawa bayan karni na goma sha biyu, nau'ikan falsafar sufanci sun zama mafi shahara.
Bayan Averroes, wata fitacciyar makarantar falsafa ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a gabashin duniyar musulmi a lokacin daular Safawiya wadda malamai suka kira Makarantar Isfahan. Masanin falsafar Shi'a Mir Damad ne ya assasa shi kuma Mulla Sadra da sauran su suka inganta shi.