Biafra
secessionist state in Nigeria / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Biafra, officially called the Republic of Biafra,[1] was a break-away state in West Africa.[2] It was created on 30 May 1967 by the Eastern Region governor C. Odumegwu Ojukwu. It claimed the land of the Eastern Region of Nigeria. The country was mainly populated by the Igbo people.
Republic of Biafra | |
---|---|
Motto: Peace, Unity, and Freedom. | |
Capital | Enugu (1967) Umuahia (1967-1969) Owerri (1969-1970) Awka (1970) |
Largest city | Onitsha |
Common languages | English Igbo |
Demonym(s) | Biafran |
Area | |
• Total | 77,306 km2 (29,848 sq mi) |
Currency | Biafran Pound |
Today part of | Nigeria |
Biafra was officially recognised by Gabon, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Tanzania and Zambia.[3]Biafra was also de facto recognised by France, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Israel, Rhodesia, South Africa and the Vatican City.
Biafra also had aid from non-state actors, including Joint Church Aid, foreign mercenaries and the Holy Ghost Fathers of Ireland.
The United States government under president Lyndon B. Johnson was officially neutral during the war. There was strong public support for Biafra in the US.[4] American activists founded the American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive to spread propaganda.[5] United States president Richard Nixon was supportive of the Biafran cause. Before he won the 1968 presidential election he accused Nigeria of committing genocide against the Biafrans. He also called for the United States to intervene in the war on the side of Biafra. His efforts failed because of the demands of the ongoing Vietnam War. After two-and-a-half years of war with Nigeria, during which almost two million Biafran civilians (three-quarters of them being smaller children) died from starvation caused by the Nigerian blockade of the region.