Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
military confrontation between India and Pakistan alongside the Bangladesh Liberation War / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. Lasting just 13 days, it is considered one of the shortest wars in history.[27][28]
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts and Bangladesh Liberation War | |||||||||
First Row: Lt-Gen. A.A.K. Niazi, the Cdr. of Pakistani Eastern Comnd., signing the documented instrument in Dacca in the presence of Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora (GOC-in-C of Indian Eastern Comnd.). Surojit Sen of All India Radio is seen holding a microphone on the right. Second Row (left to right): Vice Adm. N. Krishnan (FOC-in-C Eastern Naval Comnd.), Air Mshl. H.C. Dewan, (AOC-in-C Eastern Air Comnd., Lt Gen. Sagat Singh (Cdr. IV Corps), Maj Gen. JFR Jacob (COS Eastern Comnd.) and Flt Lt Krishnamurthy (peering over Jacob‘s shoulder). | |||||||||
| |||||||||
Belligerents | |||||||||
Provisional Government of Bangladesh Soviet Union |
Israel | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Indira Gandhi (Prime Minister of India) V. V. Giri (President of India) Swaran Singh (External Minister of India) Jagjivan Ram (Defence Minister of India) Gen Sam Manekshaw (Chief of Army Staff) Lt.Gen J.S. Arora (GOC-in-C, Eastern Command) Lt.Gen G.G. Bewoor (GOC-in-C, Southern Command) Lt.Gen K. P. Candeth (GOC-in-C, Western Command) Lt.Gen Premindra Bhagat (GOC-in-C, Central Command) Lt.Gen Sagat Singh (GOC-in-C, IV Corps) Lt.Gen T. N. Raina (GOC-in-C, II Corps) Lt.Gen Sartaj Singh (GOC-in-C, XV Corps) Lt.Gen Karan Singh (GOC-in-C, I Corps) MajGen Farj R. Jacob (COS, Eastern Command) MajGen Om Malhotra (COS, IV Corps) MajGen Inderjit Singh Gill (Dir, Military Operations) Adm S. M. Nanda (Chief of Naval Staff) VAdm S. N. Kohli (Cdr. Western Naval Command) VAdm N. Krishnan (Cdr. Eastern Naval Command) RAdm S H Sarma (Cdr. Eastern Fleet) ACM Pratap C. Lal (Chief of Air Staff) Rameshwar Kao (Director of RAW) Tajuddin Ahmad (PM Provisional Government) Col. M.A.G. Osmani (Commander, Mukti Bahini) |
Yahya Khan (President of Pakistan) Nurul Amin (Prime Minister of Pakistan) Gen. A.H. Khan (Chief of Staff, Army GHQ) Lt.Gen A.A.K. Niazi (Commander, Eastern Command) Lt.Gen Gul Hassan Khan (Chief of General Staff) Lt.Gen Abdul Ali Malik (Commander, I Corps) Lt.Gen Tikka Khan (Commander, II Corps) Lt.Gen Sher Khan (Commander, IV Corps) MGen Iftikhar Janjua † (GOC, 23rd Infantry Division) MGen Khadim Hussain (GOC, 14th Infantry Division) VAdm Muzaffar Hassan (Cdr-in-Chief, Navy) RAdm Rashid Ahmed (COS, Navy NHQ) RAdm Moh'd Shariff (Cdr, Eastern Naval Command) RAdm M.A.K. Lodhi (Cdr, Western Naval Command) RAdm Leslie Norman (Commander, Pakistan Marines) AM Abdul Rahim Khan (Cdr-in-Chief, Air Force) AVM P.D. Callaghan (Chief Ins, Pakistan Air Force) Air Cdre Inamul Haq (Cdr Eastern Air Command) Gp.Capt. Z.A. Khan (COS, Air AHQ Dhaka) Abdul Motaleb Malik (Governor of East Pakistan) | ||||||||
Strength | |||||||||
Indian Armed Forces: 1,000,000[7] Mukti Bahini: 180,000[8] Total: 1,180,000 | Pakistan Armed Forces: 350,000[7] | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
India
Pakistani claims
Indian claims Neutral claims |
Pakistan
Pakistani claims Indian claims Neutral claims |
During the war, Indian and Pakistani forces fought on the eastern and western fronts. The war effectively came to an end after the Eastern Command of the Pakistani Armed Forces signed the Instrument of Surrender (1971) on December 16, 1971.[29][30] After the surrender, East Pakistan seceded as the independent state of Bangladesh. Around 97,368 West Pakistanis who were in East Pakistan at the time of its independence, including some 79,700 Pakistan Army soldiers and paramilitary personnel[31] and 12,500 civilians,[31] were taken as prisoners of war by India.