Датотека:Greenhouse_Effect.svg
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Опис измене
ОписGreenhouse Effect.svg |
English: This figure is a simplified, schematic representation of the flows of energy between space, the atmosphere, and the Earth's surface, and shows how these flows combine to trap heat near the surface and create the greenhouse effect. Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter (W/m2).
Data is from 2007 CERES satellite instruments, and specifically this diagram The sun is responsible for virtually all energy that reaches the Earth's surface. Direct overhead sunlight at the top of the atmosphere provides 1366 W/m2; however, geometric effects and reflective surfaces limit the light which is absorbed at the typical location to an annual average of ~235 W/m2. If this were the total heat received at the surface, then, neglecting changes in albedo, the Earth's surface would be expected to have an average temperature of -18 °C (Lashof 1989). Of the surface heat captured by the atmosphere, more than 75% can be attributed to the action of greenhouse gases that absorb thermal radiation emitted by the Earth's surface. The atmosphere in turn transfers the energy it receives both into space (38%) and back to the Earth's surface (62%), where the amount transferred in each direction depends on the thermal and density structure of the atmosphere. This process by which energy is recycled in the atmosphere to warm the Earth's surface is known as the greenhouse effect and is an essential piece of Earth's climate. Under stable conditions, the total amount of energy entering the system from solar radiation will exactly balance the amount being radiated into space, thus allowing the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature over time. |
Извор |
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Аутор | Robert A. Rohde (Dragons flight на енглески Википедија) |
Остале верзије |
[уреди]
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SVG genesis InfoField | This diagram was created with Inkscape, or with something else. This diagram uses embedded text that can be easily translated using a text editor. |
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References used in description
- Kiehl, J. T. and Trenberth, K. E. (1997). "Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Association 78": 197-208.
- Daniel A. Lashof (1989). "The dynamic greenhouse: Feedback processes that may influence future concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and climatic change". Climatic Change 14 (3): 213-242.
- James Hansen, Larissa Nazarenko, Reto Ruedy, Makiko Sato, Josh Willis, Anthony Del Genio, Dorothy Koch, Andrew Lacis, Ken Lo, Surabi Menon, Tica Novakov, Judith Perlwitz, Gary Russell, Gavin A. Schmidt, Nicholas Tausnev (2005). "Earth's Energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications". Science 308 (5727): 1431-1435.
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Датум/време | Минијатура | Димензије | Корисник | Коментар | |
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тренутна | 17:12, 23. јун 2023. | 960 × 960 (7 kB) | Efbrazil | thermal radiation --> longwave radiation as per discussion | |
18:09, 22. мај 2023. | 960 × 960 (7 kB) | Efbrazil | graphical tweaks | ||
22:00, 19. мај 2023. | 960 × 960 (7 kB) | Efbrazil | Further tweak to word wrap | ||
19:56, 19. мај 2023. | 960 × 960 (7 kB) | Efbrazil | Graphic enhancements, content unchanged | ||
20:05, 11. мај 2023. | 960 × 960 (7 kB) | Efbrazil | Updating diagram to be based on newer data here: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/what-is-earth-s-energy-budget-five-questions-with-a-guy-who-knows | ||
22:04, 31. август 2021. | 750 × 577 (21 kB) | Dragons flight | Revert to earlier version. Change is technically inaccurate. Energy flow balance requires that all forms of energy transfer are included, i.e. the land->atmosphere flow includes not only radiation but also conduction, convection, etc. Also, "heat radiation" appears to be colloquial. | ||
23:35, 22. август 2021. | 750 × 577 (21 kB) | Efbrazil | All heat radiation is now the same color, it is not clear why that was not the case before | ||
22:31, 22. август 2021. | 750 × 577 (21 kB) | Efbrazil | A few text changes to make things more clear | ||
19:42, 9. април 2020. | 750 × 577 (21 kB) | Efbrazil | Minor edit, improving alignment of text with larger font for thumbnail view | ||
19:06, 30. март 2020. | 750 × 577 (21 kB) | Efbrazil | Improved fonts and alignment for thumbnail legibility |
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