Socrates
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Socrates (/ˈsɒkrətiːz/;[1] Greek: Σωκράτης; c. 470–399 BC) wakaŵa wavinjeru wa ku Greece wa ku Ateni uyo wakucemeka wakwamba wa vinjeru vya ku Western ndipo wakaŵa yumoza wa vinjeru vyakwambilira vya makhaliro.[2] Socrates wakaŵa munthu wambura kupulikikwa, wakalembapo yayi mabuku ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumumanya chifukwa cha ivyo wakalemba pamanyuma pakuti wafwa. Nkhani izi zikalembeka nga ni nkhani za kudumbiskana, ndipo Socrates na awo ŵakadumbiskananga nawo ŵakadumbiskana nkhani mu nthowa ya mafumbo na mazgoro. Nkhani za Socrates izo zikususkana zikupangiska kuti visambizgo vyake vileke kuwoneka makora. Socrates wakaŵa munthu wakuzirwa comene mu Ateni. Mu 399 B.C.E., ŵakamupa mulandu wa kuleka kusopa Ciuta na kunanga ŵawukirano. Ŵakati ŵamuzenga mulandu kwa zuŵa limoza, ŵakamuphalira kuti wakomeke. Zuŵa laumaliro la umoyo wake mu jele, wakakana wovwiri uwo ŵanthu ŵakamupa.
Socrates | |
---|---|
Kubabika | c. 470 BC Deme Alopece, Athens |
Kufwa | 399 BC (aged approximately 71) Athens |
Chaku fwila | Execution by Forced suicide by poisoning |
Mbumba(s) | Xanthippe, Myrto |
Ŵana | Lamprocles, Menexenus, Sophroniscus |
Banja | Sophroniscus (father), Phaenarete (mother), Patrocles (half-brother) |
Era | Ancient Greek philosophy |
Region | Western philosophy |
School | Classical Greek philosophy |
Notable students |
|
Main interests | Epistemology, ethics, teleology |
Notable ideas |
|
Influences
Prodicus, Anaxagoras, Archelaus, Diotima, Damon, Parmenides | |
Influenced
Virtually all subsequent Western philosophy, especially his followers, e.g., Plato, Xenophon, Antisthenes, Aristippus, Euclid of Megara, Phaedo of Elis | |
Ivyo Plato wakalemba ni vinyake mwa mabuku agho ghakulongosora vya Socrates. Iwo ŵakulongora umo Socrates wakawoneranga vinjeru vya ŵanthu, kusazgapo vinjeru vya ŵanthu na nkharo. Socrates wa ku Platoni wakapeleka zina lake ku fundo ya nthowa ya Socrates, kweniso ku fundo ya Socratic irony. Nthowa ya Socrate ya kufumba, panji elenchus, yikupangika na mafumbo ghafupi na mazgoro, agho ghakulongosoreka mu malemba gha Platon apo Socrates na awo ŵakayowoyanga nayo ŵakuwona fundo zakupambanapambana za nkhani panji ng'anamuro lake. Socrates wakumanyikwa cifukwa ca kuyowoya kuti walije mahara; wakatemwanga kuyowoya kuti ico wakamanya nchakuti walije mahara.
Socrates wakawovwira chomene ŵanthu ŵavinjeru mu nyengo yakale ndipo wachali kovwira ŵanthu mazuŵa ghano. Ŵasayansi ŵa ku Middle Ages na ŵa chisopa cha Ciisilamu ndiwo ŵakasambiranga vya iyo, ndipo wakawovwira comene pa nyengo ya kuwuka kwa ŵanthu ku Italy. Ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kumutemwa, nga umo vikaŵira na Søren Kierkegaard na Friedrich Nietzsche. Ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuchita pakulongosora vya Socrates mu luso, mabuku, na visambizgo vya ŵanthu ŵanandi, vyapangiska kuti waŵe munthu wakumanyikwa chomene mu visambizgo vya ŵanthu ŵa ku Western.